基于马斯洛需求层次理论的员工激励研究_英语论文

A Preliminary Study of Staff Motivation Based on Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory

摘要

马斯洛需求层次理论将人类的需求分为五类：生理需求、安全需求、被接纳被融入的需求、被尊重的需求和自我实现的需求，这五类需求的重要性依次递增。该理论是解释人格的重要理论，也是解释动机的重要理论。人都潜藏着这五种不同层次的需要，但在不同的时期表现出来的各种需要的迫切程度是不同的。人的最迫切的需要才是激励人行动的主要原因和动力。所以为了吸引和激励员工，企业在激励员工方面要采取相应的措施，满足员工生理的、心理的愿望、兴趣、情感等方面的需要，才能实现企业目的性十分明确的管理活动，提升企业管理水平，促进员工与企业的共同进步，促进企业发展。但是现代企业管理中对于员工激励提得多，真正重视的程度和执行的程度远远不够，同时缺乏层次性、公平性。基于以上员工激励问题，研究出有效的员工激励机制是有必要的。所以在这篇文章选择基于马斯洛需求层次理论对员工激励方式作为研究课题，从人类的五类需求出发，对员工激励方式进行系统研究，对应满足员工的生理需求、安全需求、被接纳被融入的需求、被尊重的需求和自我实现的需求采取相应的措施，从而促进企业的持续健康发展。

关键词：马斯洛需求层次理论；员工激励；员工需求；激励机制；企业管理 

Abstract

Based on the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, the human needs can be divided into five categories: physiological needs, safety needs, belongingness and love needs, esteem needs, self-actualization needs. The importance of these five types of demand is increasing in sequence. It is an important theory to interpret the character and motivation of people. These five types of need, in different levels, are lurked in the behavior of every person. However, in different periods of time, people show different degrees of urgency for these needs. The most urgent need of people is the main reason and motivation to stimulate workers’ action. Therefore, in order to attract and motivate staff, with regard to motivating staff, enterprises should take appropriate measures to meet the physiological and psychological desires of staffs, to meet their needs of interest, emotion and so on. After doing this, it can achieve the goal of enterprises’ management activities, improve the management level of enterprises, promote common progress of employees and enterprises and then to promote the development of the enterprises. In modern enterprise management, much incentive for employees are mentioned. However, it is not enough in the extent of real importance and the degree of implementation, while there is still a lack of hierarchy and fairness. Based on the above issues about staff motivation, it is necessary to work out effective staff motivation mechanism. Therefore, the research topic of this paper is the staff motivation methods based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory. From the perspective of the five types of human needs, this paper does a systematic research of employee motivations and corresponding measures on the basis of satisfying staff’s physiological needs, safety needs, belongingness and love needs, esteem needs, self-actualization needs, so as to promote enterprises’ sustained and sound development.

Key Words: Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory; staff motivation; staff needs; motivation mechanism; enterprise management

Contents

Intrduction 1

1.Generalization of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory 2

2.Basic Knowledge of Staff Motivation 3

  2.1The Definition of Staff Motivation 3

  2.2The Function of Staff Motivation 4

     2.2.1Improving Management Level of Enterprises 4

     2.2.2Promoting Common Progress of Enterprises and Staff 4

     2.2.3Promoting Development of Enterprises 4

3.Analysis of Real Needs of Staff Based on Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory 5

  3.1The Psychological Needs 5

  3.2Safety Needs 5

  3.3Belongingness and Love Needs 5

  3.4Esteem Needs 6

  3.5Self-actualization Needs 6

4.Problems in Staff Motivation 6

  4.1Lacking Sufficient Attention 6

  4.2Lacking Difference and Hierarchy 7

  4.3Lacking Fairness 7

5.Different Motivation Strategies Based on Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory 8

  5.1Satisfying the Psychological Needs of Staff 8

     5.1.1Increasing Wages 8

     5.1.2Improving Working and Living Conditions 8

     5.1.3Offering Regular Medical Examination 9

  5.2Satisfying the Safety Needs of Staff 9

     5.2.1Implementing ESOP(Employee Stock Ownership Plan) 9

     5.2.2Providing Various Insurance 9

     5.2.3Holding Job Stability 9

  5.3Satisfying the Belongingness and Love Needs of Staff 10

     5.3.1Inviting Staff to Participate in Group Activities 10

     5.3.2Encouraging Staff to Attend Various Associations 10

     5.3.3Practicing Scanlon Plan 10

  5.4Satisfying the Esteem Needs of Staff 11

     5.4.1Rewording and Praising 11

     5.4.2Honoring 11

     5.4.3Treating All Staff Fairly 11

  5.5Satisfying the Self-actualization Needs of Staff 12

     5.5.1Giving Staff A Sense of Accomplishment 12

     5.5.2Providing Staff Chances of Education and Training 12

     5.5.3Involving Staff in Enterprise Management 13

Conclusion 14

References 15