论提单的风险防范_英语论文

On the Risk Preventions against Ante-dated and Advanced Bill of Lading

摘要

提单是一种有法律效力的单据，是一种货物所有权的凭证， 同时也是海上货物运输中最重要的单证，已成为国际贸易和航运基石。在国际贸易中具有非常重要的地位和作用。然而，随着国际贸易和航运的日益繁荣，提单欺诈活动日益猖獗，倒签、预借提单案件频频发生，使提单信誉大大受损并影响到整个国际贸易体系，严重扰乱了正常的海运经济秩序。

倒签提单指的是指承运人应托运人的要求在货物装船后，提单签发的日期早于实际装船完毕日期的提单。预借提单指的是提单在货物尚未全部装船时，或者货物虽然已经由承运人接管但尚未开始装船的情况下签发的提单。

提单一旦被倒签或者预借时，会带来破坏提单制度、扰乱交易安全、增加承运人风险的危害，有效打击提单欺诈活动，进一步完善提单制度本身，己成为摆在世界各国而前的一个不容忽视的问题。通过对卖方、卖方、银行的防范措施、提单发生后的补救以及以防提单欺诈的国际公约等方面可以有效地防范倒签提单和预借提单的发生。

关键词：  倒签提单 预借提单 危害 风险防范 措施

Abstract

Bill of lading, a legal document of property in goods, is a key document in the international shipment. Besides, B/L is the cornerstone for the international trade and shipping. Nevertheless, with the increasing prosperity of international trade and shipping, B/L fraud is becoming more frequent. The high frequency of ante-dated and advanced B/L has deeply influenced the credibility of B/L and created confusion of the regular shipping order.

Ante-dated bills of lading refers to the bill of lading, which is issued before the actual shipment if the carrier loads goods accorded with the shipper. Besides, advanced bills of lading refers a document, which is issued when goods are not all loaded or loaded at all.

Once bills of lading are ante-dated or advanced, it may cause harms of breaking bill of lading system, disturbing transaction security, increasing risks of the carrier. Consequently, it can not be ignored to further improve the b/l system itself. Through countermeasures for import parties, export parties and the bank, Remedial Countermeasure after ante-dated and advanced B/L, consummating the legislative preparation for frauds, Drafting the international convention for the B/L fraud, ante-dated and advanced B/L can be effectively prevented.

Key word: Ante-dated B/L  Advanced B/L  Harms  Risk Prevention  Countermeasures 

Contents

Introduction 1

1 Ante-dated and Advanced B/L 3

Overview of Marine Bill of Lading 3

1.1.1 Definition 3

1.1.2 Functions 3

1.1.3 Characteristics 5

Overview of Ante-dated and Advanced B/L 6

1.2.1 Overview of Ante-dated B/L 6

1.2.2 Overview of Advanced B/L 6

1.2.3 Similarities and difference between Ante-dated and Advanced B/L 7

2 Natures of Ante-dated and Advanced B/L 8

2.1 Causes of Ante-dated and Advanced B/L 8

2.2 Confirmation of L/C Fraud in Ante-dated and Advanced B/L 9

2.2.1 Confirmation of L/C Fraud in Ante-dated and Advanced B/L 9

2.2.2 Problems noticed in the confirmation 10

2.3 Application in practice 11

3 Countermeasure of Ante-dated and Advanced B/L 12

3.1 Risks of Ante-dated and Advanced B/L 12

3.2 Countermeasure for Import Party 14

3.3 Countermeasure for Export Party 14

3.4 Countermeasure for the Bank 15

3.5 Remedial Countermeasures after Ante-dated and Advanced B/L 16

3.6 Countermeasure for Consummating the Legislative Preparation for Frauds on Bs/L 17

3.6.1 Drafting the International Convention for the B/L fraud 17

3.6.2 Domestic Legislation 17

Conclusion 18

References 19