梭罗《瓦尔登湖》中的人生哲学_英语论文

Thoreau's Philosophy of Life in Walden

摘要

在静谧的瓦尔登湖边，梭罗探求生命与自由，以深邃独到的意识，呼吁人们从生活之必需出发，摒弃非生活的干扰，回归生命本真，崇尚自然，热爱自然。在现实生活中，一方面，人们被社会的物质和尘世的喧嚣所扰，社会拜金主义、享乐主义之风盛行。另一方面，工商业的发展促使人们过度索取自然资源，造成生态失衡、环境恶化，人类自身的生存环境也岌岌可危。本文从至简、孤独和自由方面，深入剖析《瓦尔登湖》中人生哲学的本质。通过正确处理个人与个人、个人与社会和个人与自然的关系，这一充满个人意识、社会良知和生态智慧的哲学生活终将实现。

关键字：梭罗 瓦尔登湖 至简 孤独 人生哲学

Abstract

On the quiet shore of Walden Pond, Thoreau explores the life and freedom with a deep and unique sense, calling on people to focus on the essential of life, get rid of interference from non-life, return to the true life, respect and love for nature. In real life, on the one hand, people are disturbed by the material and noise of society, in which money worship and hedonism are on the increase; On the other hand, with the development of industry and commerce, more natural resources are being unreasonably plundered, causing ecological unbalance and environmental deterioration.On the bases of simplicity, solitude and freedom, this paper analyses the essence of philosophical life in Walden. The ideal philosophy of life is discussed by addressing the relationship between individual and individual, individual and society, individual and nature. 

Key words: Thoreau; Walden; simplicity; solitude; philosophy of life

Contents

Introduction 1

1. The Background of Walden 2

1.1 The Historical Background of Walden 2

1.2 A Brif Backbground of Thoreau 3

2. The Essence of Thoreau's Philosophy of Life 4

2.1 The Principal Essence: Simplicity 5

2.2 The Next Essence: Solitude 6

2.3 The Deepest Essence: Freedom 6

3. The Ways to Achieve Thoreau's Philosophy of Life 7

3.1 Dealing With the Human Relationship 8

3.1.1 To be Awake 8

3.1.2 To labor by Hands Faithfully but Temperately 8

3.2 Dealing With the Relationship between Individual and Society 9

3.2.1 All Men are Equal 10

3.2.2 Engaging in Philanthropy 11

3.3 Dealing With the Relationship between Man and Nature 11

3.3.1 Nature as A Mother of All Individuals 12

3.3.2 Protection of Nature As An Obligation of Individuals 13

Conclusion 14

References 15