从生态批判视角浅析《追风筝的人》中哈桑生活的悲剧成因_英语论文

On Hassan’s Life Tragedy in The Kite Runner from the Perspective of Eco-criticism

摘要

虽然《追风筝的人》中的哈桑是一个忠诚、善良的人，但是他的一生非常的悲惨。从生态批评角度来看，这具有其合理性。生态批评主义认为，一方面，个体的成长和变化都要受到生态环境要素的影响和制约。另一方面，个体在不背离生态环境的制约下，可以通过自身的努力来改变自己的发展。在当时的病态的环境中，哈桑不仅无法突破病态环境的束缚，还一味的顺从病态的环境。他名为下层种族，实际上是上层种族父亲的私生子，由于血缘父亲的自私和怯弱一直过着卑微的生活。他为他的主人亦是他同父异母的哥哥赴汤蹈火，却被无情地抛弃。 在那样的一个动荡不安的时代里，哈桑离开了主人的庇护，又无法逃离恶劣的环境，最终悲惨的结束一生。总而言之，哈桑的悲剧取决于他错位的社会认知、人性认知和精神认知。

关键词：哈桑、生态批判、自然生态、社会生态、精神生态

Abstract

Although Hassan is a loyal and kind man in The Kite Runner, his life is very miserable. Analysis of Hassan’s tragedy from the perspective of eco-criticism has rationality. Eco-criticism suggests that, on the one hand, the individual growth and change must be influenced and restricted by the factors of ecological environment. On the other hand, the individual can change their own development through their own efforts under the control of ecological environment. At that time, Hassan is not only unable to break through the shackles of the pathological environment, but also blindly submit to it. He is the nominal lower race, in fact, he is the illegitimate child of the father who is the upper race. However, he lives in a humble life because his biological father’s selfishness and cowardice. He would go through fire and water to serve his master who is his half-brother, but is discarded. Hassan leaves his master’s shelter and can’t escape the harsh environment during a turbulent time. Eventually, ends his life miserably. All in all, Hassan’s tragedy depends on the dislocation of social cognition, human cognition and mental cognition.

Key words: Hassan; Eco-criticism; natural ecology; social ecology; spiritual ecology

Contents

1 Introduction.1

2 Literature Review.1 

  2.1 An Introduction to The Kite Runner.1

   2.2 A Research on Review of This Thesis2

3 An Overview of Eco-criticism.3 

   3.1 The Definition of Eco-criticism.3

   3.2 The Features of Eco-criticism5

4 The Reasons for Hassan’s Tragedy from Eco-criticism5

   4.1 Ruined Heart Nest5

   4.2 Hard Time.7

   4.3 Self-degradation.9

   4.4 Mistrust.11

5 Conclusion12

References.14