生存主义视角下的《心灵是孤独的猎手》_英语论文

An Interpretation of The Heart is A Lonely Hunter based on Existentialism

摘要

《心是孤独的猎手》 是卡森·麦卡勒斯的成名作，它在美国“现代文库”评选出的“20世纪百佳英文小说”中名列第十七名。本文借助生存主义的相关理论， 分析小说《心灵是孤独的猎手》中现实世界的荒诞性，并在此基础上进一步阐述小说的孤独主题，从而从新的视角体现这部小说的中心主旨，即每一位现代社会中个人都是这个荒诞世界里的孤独猎手，但是孤独并不代表绝望，而且每位猎手都应该鼓起勇气面对孤独并作出抉择，为自己的行为承担一切责任。所以，从这片小说中，我们不仅可以看出作者对人类孤独心灵的关注以及对人性的关怀，同时我们也可以体会到作者对孤独和人生的积极态度。

关键字：生存主义; 《心灵是孤独的猎手》; 荒诞; 孤独

Abstract

The Heart is A Lonely Hunter is the novel bringing the fame to Carson McCullers an outstanding American female writer, and it is ranked seventeenth on the list of 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century. By resorting to the related existential theories, especially Sartre's existential theories, this paper tries to expose the absurdity of the real world, and then it will further explore the classic theme of loneliness so as to endow it with a new flavor. Even though we are all the lonely hunters in the absurd society, we are not doomed. Every hunter shall deal with the loneliness with great courage and take up our responsibility bravely. So from this novel, we can not only observe the author's concern for the lonely souls, in the meantime, we can also tell that the author is not writing the loneliness for the sake of loneliness, she is trying to convey to us that we have to treat loneliness and life with positive attitudes.

Key words: Existentialism, The Heart is A Lonely Hunter, Absurdity, Loneliness

Contents

1 Introduction 1

2 Literature Review 2

3 The Irreversible Absurdity of the World 6

3.1 Absurdity in the Chaotic Reality 6

3.1.1 Absurdity Faced by the Society in the Novel 6

3.1.2 Absurdity Faced by Major Characters in the Novel 7

3.2 Absurdity in the Alleged Religion 9

3.2.1 Loss of Religious Faith in God 9

3.2.2 Question of God Reflected in the Novel 10

4 The Never-ending Loneliness in Human Condition 11

4.1 Loneliness in the spiritual leader 11

4.1.1 Loneliness Haunting the Town in the Novel 11

4.1.2 Loneliness Haunting John Singer 12

4.2 Loneliness in the lonely followers 13

4.2.1 Loneliness Haunting Singer’s Followers 13

4.2.2 Relief of Loneliness Confronting the Lonely followers 14

5 Conclusion 15

References 17