绝望无助、盲目反抗而又向往自由的霍尔顿-试析《麦田里的守望者》中的反英雄形象_英语论文             

On the Anti-Heroism in The Catcher in the Rye

摘要

国内外学者对《麦田里的守望者》的研究成果可谓不胜枚举。对塞林格作品的研究主要集中在意识形态的颠覆性、后现代主义文学手法以及人物个性分析、人物象征意义分析、作品主题分析等方面。本文主要采用的文本细读法的研究方法，结合生态主义观点,重点探究作品与时代背景之间的关系,作品中的主人公与社会的联系,以及人与自然的二元对立，从而探求霍顿所代表的反英雄形象所蕴含的伦理道德观及人生哲学观。通过传统英雄观与现代英雄观的比较分析,本文“反英雄”这种不理想的方式来表达对理想的渴望,揭示人类永远不会停止对自身前途和利益的思考。然而,在资本主义社会,反英雄人物与专制的社会制度对抗最终只能是以失败而告终。反英雄人物的出现标志着社会价值观的转变和当代美学的取向。 反英雄对研究后现代主义对现在社会的影响具有重要意义。

关键词：《麦田里的守望者》；塞林格；反英雄；生态主义理论

Abstract

Domestic and foreign scholars have conducted numerous researches on novel The Catcher in the Rye. The study of Salinger's works mainly focuses on their subversive ideology, the postmodernist literary techniques and the symbolic analysis of the characters as well as the analysis of the novel’s theme. This article uses the method of intensive reading to make an analysis of the relationship between the novel and its historic background, the relationship between the protagonist and the entire society and also the binary opposition between man and nature, so as to reveal the inner meaning of the anti-hero character and the morality standard represented by the anti-heroes.Through the comparative analysis of the traditional heroic character and the modern anti-heroic character, the article expresses mankind’s eternal pursuit of freedom and innocence, revealing the fact that mankind will never stop the journey towards the future and the journey of their thinking. However, in the capitalist society, the confrontation between an anti-hero and authoritarian social system will cumulatively ended in failure. The emergence of anti-heroic character marks the change of social values and the orientations of contemporary aesthetic. Anti-hero is of great significance to the study of the influence of postmodernism on the present society.

Key word: The Catcher in the Rye; Salinger; anti-hero; ecological theory

Contents

Acknowledgments.4

摘要5

Abstract.6

Introduction8

Chapter One The Desperate and Helpless Anti-hero10

1.1"Dark everywhere": Holden's Alienation From His Parents.10

1.2 A World of Hypocrisy and Cynicism in Holden's School.12

1.3 The Dehumanizing Society.14

Chapter Two The Anti-Hero Who Disagrees and Resists.16

2.1 Protest from a Scapegoat16

2.2 Futile Exile of an Anti-hero17

Chapter Three An Unyielding Heart for Freedom .20

3.1 Holden's Return to nature20

3.2 Holden’s Ecological Dreams.22

Conlusion.25

Works Cited26