卡夫卡作品中的存在主义_英语论文

Existentialism In The Works Of Kafka  

摘要

卡夫卡作为著名的现代主义文学的代表，生前留下了大量优秀的作品。在他死后，这些作品开始在学界引起轩然大波。这些优秀的作品不仅影响了很多作家的创作，同样地也带来无数的研究和解读。宗教、社会阶级、弗洛伊德的精神分析法各种各样的研究角度不胜枚举。笔者发现在卡夫卡生前的这一段时间，恰恰也是存在主义大师海德格尔、萨特等散发光芒的时刻。所以，本文将从完整的存在主义的角度去研究卡夫卡的作品。

文章将从存在主义的第一个主要内容——存在先于本质开始，引入异化的概念。之后再讲到世界的荒谬，和人生的痛苦。这也是一种人类和世界的对抗关系，这种关系让人类感到无可适从。最后讲到存在主义的价值观导向，即自我选择塑造自我。

通过这三个部分的分析，最终得到卡夫卡深受存在主义的影响，在其作品中大量体现存在主义的结论。

关键词：卡夫卡；存在主义；异化

Abstract

Kafka as a representative of the famous modernist literature writer, left a lot of excellent works. After his death, these works began to cause an uproar in academia. These excellent works not only affected the creation of many writers, but also brought countless research and interpretation. Religion, social class, Freud's psychoanalysis. a lot of views of research appeared. And I found while Nietzsche and Heidegger was famous as the existentialist philosopher in Germany, Kafka was living in the German district. Therefore, this paper would study Kafka's works from the perspective of the existentialism.

This paper would start from the first main content of existentialism--existence preceded essence, and then introduced the concept of alienation. After these, this paper would talk about the absurdity of the world, and the pain of life. And that also was a confrontation relationship between humans and the world, which made human panic all day long. Finally, this paper would talk about the value guide of existentialism, which was your free choice shaped yourself.

Through these three parts of the analysis, we can ultimately get the conclusion that Kafka was influenced by the impact of existentialism and his works reflected existentialism.

Key Words: Kafka; existentialism; alienation

Contents

Acknowledgments 

Abstract (Chinese)  ii 

Abstract (English) iii 

Introduction  . 1 

Chapter One Existence Preceded Essence. 3 

1.1 Alienated by Money 4 

1.2. Alienated by Tools 7 

Chapter Two The World Was Absurd, and The Life Was Painful. 8 

Chapter Three Your Free Choice Shaped Yourself 10 

Conclusion. 12 

Bibliography 13