多元文化矛盾与普世人文关怀-基兰德赛《遗失的传承》中的世界主义思想_英语论文

Multicultural Contradictions And Univeral Humanistic Care osmospolitanism In Kiran Desai’S The Inheritance Of Loss 

摘要

世界主义自从康德时期开始，就是文学理论上的一个热点问题,这源于人们对民粹和普世价值的长久争辩。而在近代，随着全球化的发展，世界各地人们的联系更加紧密，伴着东西方不同的文化环境碰撞出激烈的火花。各民族都想要在世界上发出自己的声音。因此，以萨义德等文学批评家为代表的东方主义思想开始流行，掀起了人们解构西方主义的创作热潮。基兰德赛所创作的《遗失的传承》，基于东方主义的视角，完成了她对既无法融入主流文化环境，又缺乏对自身的文化认同的第三世界的建构。通过对一系列第三世界居民的困苦生活现状的描写，基兰德赛表达了她对文化身份破碎的离散移民的同情，同时升华为包含普世人文主义关怀的世界主义思想。就如圣经故事所说，不同的语言是人类建造巴别塔的最大障碍，东西方相异的文化环境也是实现大同的世界主义的最大难题。本文以萨义德的东方主义理论为出发点，着眼于隐藏在第三世界居民困苦生活中的主要矛盾，分析基兰德赛的世界主义理念。从而揭示大同的世界主义的现实意义。

关键词：《遗失的传承》 ；东方主义；第三世界；文化认同；世界主义

Abstract

Since Kant’s period, Cosmopolitanism has been a popular literary theory as the result of human’s prolonged argument between populism and universal value. In modern times, with the development of globalization, contacts of people from all over the world become frequent, which accompanied with fierce sparks by collision of different cultures. Peoples from different nations need to make their own voices in the world. Therefore, with the promotion of literary critics such as Edward Wadie Said, orientalism is beginning to be popular. The creation of literary works to deconstruct the western doctrine has been lifted up. The Inheritance of Loss by Kiran Desai, basing on the perspective of the eastern doctrine, is accomplished that the third world is not able to integrate into the mainstream cultural environment, and lack of cultural identity. Through descriptions of the present situation of the life of a series of third world residents, Kiran expressed her sympathy for the diasporas without cultural identity. This compassion is ultimately sublimation for the thought of cosmopolitanism involving the universal humanistic care. As the Bible says, different language is the biggest obstacle to construction of Tower of Babel, and different cultures can also be considered as the biggest obstacle to achieve universal harmony. This paper employs orientalism of Said, which focuses on the main contradiction in the life of poor people in the third world, to analyze the author’s idea of cosmopolitanism. The aim of the paper is to reveal the practical significance of cosmopolitanism.

Key Words: The Inheritance of Loss; orientalism; the third world; cultural identity; cosmopolitanism

Contents

Acknowledgments 

Abstract (Chinese) ii

Abstract (English)  iii

Introduction  1

Chapter One Construction of the Third World  2

1.1   Highly Westernized Generations  4

1.1.1 Elder Generation of Diasporas  5

1.1.2  Young Generation of Diasporas 5

1.2   Less Westernized Generations 6

1.2.1  Elder Generation of Indigenes  6

1.2.2  Younger Generation of Indigenes 7

Chapter Two Orientalism and National Contradictions 8

2.1    Orientalism 9

2.2    National Contradictions 10

2.2.1  Contradictions in India 10

2.2.2  Contradictions in the US  11

Chapter Three Cosmopolitanism Involving Universal Humanistic Care 12

3.1   Kiran Desai's Sympathy to Diasporas 13

3.2   Kiran Desai's Thought of Cosmopolitanism 14

Conclusion 15

Bibliography  17