生态批评理论解读《德伯家的苔丝》_英语论文

Tess Of The D’Urbervilles From The Perspective Of Ecocriticism 

摘要

托马斯·哈代是英国最伟大的批判现实主义作家之一，他创作了大量诗歌小说，在文学创作中特别关注自然与女性，他的“性格与环境”小说举世闻名。本文通过生态批评角度重新解读哈代的代表作《德伯家的苔丝》，探讨小说中生态批评的体现和作品的现实意义。本文首先分析了哈代及其主要作品，其次是对生态批评理论的简介，最后用生态批评理论解读《德伯家的苔丝》文本，从生态批评理论中的自然生态、社会生态与精神生态三个方面分析，不但体现了苔丝的性格变化与自然环境的关系，而且批判了父权制社会下资产阶级、宗教信仰、伦理观念对于以苔丝为代表的广大女性的残酷压迫。本文通过解构人与自然、人与社会、人与自身的关系，探索苔丝悲剧的根源，呼吁建立男女平等的人类社会。

关键词：哈代；《德伯家的苔丝》；生态批评；自然

Abstract

Thomas Hardy was one of the greatest realistic writers in British, and he wrote a large amount of poems and novels. In literary creation, he focuses on nature and women, and his “novels of character and environment” are well-known around the world. This paper tries to use the theory of ecocriticism to analyze and reinterpret Tess of the D’Urbervilles, the representative work of Hardy. Firstly, this paper analyzes Hardy and his major works. Secondly, this paper makes a brief introduction to ecocriticism. In the end, this paper combines ecocriticism and text and analyzes from natural, social and spiritual ecology, which not only reflects the relationship between transfer of natural environment and change of Tess’s personality, but also criticizes the cruel oppression of bourgeoisie, religious faith and moral ethics to women in the patriarchal society. This paper deconstructs the relationship between human and nature, human and society, and human and itself to explore the source of Tess’s tragedy and calls for establishing the society of gender equality.

Key Words: Hardy; Tess of the D’Urbervilles; ecocriticism; nature       

Contents

Acknowledgments 

Abstract (Chinese)  ii 

Abstract (English) iii 

Introduction  . 1 

Chapter One Studies on Thomas Hardy and His Works2 

1.1 Thomas Hardy  2 

1.2 Studies on Major Works 2 

1.3 Studies on Tess of the D’Urbervilles  3 

Chapter Two Theoretical Framework 4 

2.1 The Basic Connotation of Ecocriticism. 4 

2.2 Reasons for the Emergence of Ecocriticism 4 

Chapter Three Three Ecologies Reflected in Tess of the D’Urbervilles. 6 

3.1 Natural Ecology: Human and Nature 6 

3.1.1 Tess: The Daughter of Nature. 6 

3.1.2 Transfer of Environment and Change of Personality. 6 

3.2 Social Ecology: Human and Society. 8 

3.2.1 Oppression of Bourgeoisie. 8 

3.2.2 Dual Moral Ethics 9 

3.3 Spiritual Ecology: Human and Itself. 11 

3.3.1 Deceptive Religious Faith 11 

3.3.2 Awakening of Self-consciousness 12 

Conclusion. 14 

Bibliography 15