摘要

安妮·普鲁美国杰出作家之一，小说《船讯》是她的代表作。本篇论文从萨特存在主义分析小说主人公奎尔如何解决自我实现过程中的艰难险阻,为像奎尔一样深受异化与挫折的人找寻一条出路。

本文共分为五章。第一章为引言，简要介绍安妮·普鲁的生平事迹和她的代表作。第二章回顾了存在主义的定义及其发展，介绍了萨特存在主义的四大理念：异化、自由选择、承担责任和自我实现。第三章从三方面分析奎尔的异化：父亲的残酷、哥哥的冷漠和妻子的不忠。第四章论述奎尔的自由选择，搬去纽芬兰成为他生活的转折点，在那里他找到了自己的人生价值，实现爱情事业双丰收。这章还阐述了奎尔的责任感。最后，论文第五章论述奎尔的自我重塑。

总的来说，《船讯》一书的价值就在于其对人的存在价值以及自我价值实现的反思。世上每个人都会遭受异化的困扰，从而无法认清自我价值和存在价值。异化是痛苦与不幸之源，但同时也是成功的动力。人们只有学会做出正确的选择并承担相应的责任，才能缩减异化感，最终找到在这个世界的自我价值。

关键词: 存在主义；自我实现；异化；自由选择；责任感

Table of Contents

Abstract i

摘  要 ii

Introduction 1

1. Background Information 2

1.1 Annie Proulx and The Shipping News 2

1.2 Relevant Studies at Home and Abroad 4

1.3 The Purpose and Significance of This Paper 5

2. An Introduction of Sartre’s Existentialism 6

2.1 Definition of Existentialism 6

2.2 Origin and Development of Sartre’s Existentialism 7

2.3 Four Basic Principles of Sartre’s Existentialism 8

2.3.1 Alienation 8

2.3.2 Free Choice 9

2.3.3 Responsibility 9

2.3.4 Self-fulfillment 10

3. Alienation: The Cause of Quoyle’s Identity Crisis 10

3.1 Alienation from Quoyle’s Family Members 10

3.1.1 Father’s Cruelty 11

3.1.2 Brother Dick’s Indifference 12

3.1.3 His Wife Petal’s Disloyalty 12

3.2 Alienation from Community 14

3.2.1 Miserable Living Condition 14

3.2.2 Harsh Natural Condition 15

4. Free-choice and Responsibility: Ways Out of Quoyle’s Identity Crisis 16

4.1 Quoyle’s Free Choices 16

4.1.1 Choice of Lifestyle 17

4.1.2 Choice of Marriage 17

4.2 The Growth of Quoyle in Sense of Responsibility 18

4.2.1 Adhering to Authentic News 18

4.2.2 Giving Psychological Instruction to His Daughter Bunny 19

4.2.3 Relieving Aunt Agnis’s Affliction 20

4.2.4 Taking Care of Isolated Cousin Nolan 20

5. Self-fulfillment: Quoyle’s Identity Reconstruction 21

5.1 Reconstruction of His Family Identity 21

5.2 Reconstruction of His Social Identity 22

Conclusion 23

Acknowledgements 24

Works Cited 25