从弗洛伊德人格结构理论视角浅析苔丝的性格_英语论文

An Analysis of Tess's Character from the Perspective of Freud's Theory of Personality Structure

摘要

《德伯家的苔丝》是哈代的著名作品之一。不同的人对苔丝悲剧的成因有不同的见解，而且对于苔丝性格的分析永远不会结束。她纯朴勤劳而富于反抗精神，为了所爱的人，她愿意做她所能做的一切。苔丝并不是完美的，她过于年轻，缺乏经验，容易上当受骗，被虚伪的资产阶级利用。在前人研究的基础上，本文将进一步从弗洛伊德的人格结构理论的视角来分析苔丝的性格特征。弗洛伊德的人格结构理论由三部分组成：本我、自我和超我。苔丝有着追求快乐的本我，但她内心深处也有着对社会伦理道德有强烈认同的超我。这两者构成了她内心之中两股相互对抗的力量，使她一直处于痛苦的心理挣扎状态之中。她的本我得不到释放且一直被自我和超我压抑着。残酷的现实和强烈的家庭责任感让苔丝不得不放弃本我,听从自我的安排。与此同时，内心的超我一直提醒她那过去的痛苦经历，使她被无限的痛苦和绝望所包围。

关键词：德伯家的苔丝；弗洛伊德的人格结构理论；性格特征；本我；自我；超我

Abstract

Tess of the D'Urbervilles is one of Hardy's famous works. People have different opinions upon the causes of Tess's tragedy, and the analysis of her character never ends. Tess is pure, hard-working and rebellious. She is willing to do everything she can do to protect her love. Tess is not perfect, she is too young and inexperienced, which makes her easily deceived by the hypocrisy of the bourgeois. Based on the previous researches, this thesis further analyzes the character of Tess from the perspective of Freud's theory of personality structure, which consists of three parts: ID, ego and superego. Tess has the id of pursuing happiness, but she also has the superego which has a strong recognition of social morality. These two parts fight against each other, and make Tess always in a state of painful psychological struggle. Her own id can’t be released and is always repressed by her ego and superego. The cruel reality and the strong sense of family responsibility make Tess have to give up her id and follow the arrangements of her ego. At the same time, her superego always reminds her of the past painful experience, which makes her surrounded by infinite pain and despair.

Keywords: Tess of the D'Urbervilles; Freud's theory of personality structure; character; ID; ego; superego

Contents

1. Introduction 1

2. Literature Review 1

3. Freud's Theory of Personality Structure 4

3.1 Id 5

3.2 Ego 6

3.3 Superego 7

4. An Analysis of Tess’s Character 7

4.1 The id of Tess's character 7

4.2 The ego of Tess's character 8

4.3 The superego of Tess's character 9

5. Conclusion 10

Works Cited 11