法语过去时态和英语对应时态的比较研究_英语论文   

A Comparative Study of Past Tenses in French and Corresponding Tenses in English

摘要

英语和法语同属于印欧语系，由于长时间地相互影响，这两种语言之间不可避免地产生了一些相似点。但是，在很多方面，英语和法语还是存在着众多的不同。不能忽略的一点不同反映在语法方面。众所周知，作为语法重要组成部分的时态自然在一门语言中占据着不可或缺的地位，在语言习得过程中不可避免。

本文以过去时态为例，基于对比分析，语言迁移和中介语的理论，深入研究法语中的过去时态（例如未完成过去时，复合过去时）与英语中对应时态的异同点。一般来说，英语中的一般过去时可以对应法语中的未完成过去时和复合过去时，此外，未完成过去时又和过去进行时相似，复合过去时又可以与英语中的现在完成时对应。通过尽可能多地利用正迁移规避负迁移的方式，充分运用得出的结论来更好地学习法语。本研究旨在帮助学习者对法语过去时态有更深的理解，并且运用相似的方法去学习法语的其他部分。

关键词：过去时态；对比分析；语言迁移

Abstract

English and French both belong to Indo-European, and it is inevitable for there to be certain similarity between the two languages because of interplay in the long term. However, there are still numerous differences between English and French in many aspects. The difference that cannot be ignored is reflected in grammar. As we all know, tense, as an important part of grammar, always plays an indispensable role in a language, which can not be escaped in the language acquisition. 

This text taking past tense as an example, based on the Contrastive Analysis, language transfer and Interlanguage, studies in past tenses in French (such as l'imparfait, le passé composé) and corresponding tenses in English to find out their similarities and differences. Generally, the simple past tense can correspond to l’imparfait and le passé composé, furthermore, l’imparfait is also similar to the past continuous tense and the passe compose is also similar to the present past tense in English. The conclusion can be taken full advantage of to study French by using positive transfer and avoiding negative transfer as much as possible. The study aims to help learners have a deep comprehension of past tense in French and utilize the same method to study French in other parts.

Key words: past tense; contrastive analysis; language transfer 

Contents

Abstract i

摘  要 ii

1. Introduction 1

2. Literature Review 3

2.1 Studies on Differences of English and French 3

2.2 Development of Contrastive Studies on Tense in English and French 4

3. Theoretical Foundations 5

3.1 Contrastive Analysis 5

3.2 Language Transfer 6

3.3 Interlanguage 6

4. Past Tenses in English and French 7

4.1 General Overview of Basic Differences in English and French 7

4.1.1 General Overview of Differences Between English and French 7

4.1.2 Contrastive Table of Tense in English and French 9

4.2 Differences of Past Tenses in English and French 10

4.2.1 L'imparfait and Its Corresponding Tenses in English 10

4.2.2 Le Passé Composé and Its Corresponding Tenses in English 12

4.2.3 Le Passé Simple and Its Corresponding Tenses in English 14

4.2.4 Other Past Tenses and Its Corresponding Tenses in English 14

5. Conclusion 16

5.1 Major Discovery of the Study 16

5.2 Differences of Past Tenses in English and French 16

Bibliography 18

Acknowledgments 20