An Analysis of Ralph in Lord of the Flies From the Perspective of Psychoanalysis_英语论文

摘要

威廉·戈尔丁是英国现代一位著名的小说家，他于1983年获得了诺贝尔文学奖。他的作品中所表达的主题多与黑暗邪恶有关，但他并不是一味地表达消极阴暗的思想，而是一种隐晦的乐观主义。

《蝇王》是威廉·戈尔丁的第一部小说，也是英国文学史上的一部巨作。 《蝇王》这部虚构的小说讲述了在一场战争中一架飞机被击落，机上的一群英国男孩被困在一座荒岛上的故事。起初，孩子们在岛上享受着没有成年人的自由和谐生活。但好景不长，随着矛盾和野性的增长，孩子们失去了理智以致互相残杀，最后变成了一群野蛮人。

国内外对《蝇王》的研究和评论众多，各学者从其主题、题材、叙述结构、神话原型、女性主义等方面进行研究。本文运用弗洛伊德精神分析理论中的人格构成理论分析了“本我”，“自我”，“超我”在书中主人公拉尔夫身上的体现，以及这三种力量在拉尔夫身上冲突和抗衡的结果，从而进一步分析《蝇王》中主人公拉尔夫的心理变化和文学形象，对《蝇王》有更深一步的了解。

关键词：威廉·戈尔丁  《蝇王》  本我  自我  超我   

Abstract

William Golding is a famous British novelist in modern times. He won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1983. The central idea he expresses in his novels is mostly about darkness and evilness. However, he does not only show his negative thought, but try to express a sort of dim optimism. 

Lord of the Flies (1954), Golding’s first novel and also a masterpiece in English literature, tells us a fictional story about a group of English boys marooned on a deserted island after their plane is shot down during a war. At the beginning, the boys enjoy their free and harmonious life without adults. But good times do not last long, with the growth of conflicts and wild nature, they kill each other irrationally, and finally turn into a group of savages.

The interpretations and studies of this novel at home and abroad range over its theme, genre, narrative structure, myth archetype and feminism. This thesis uses the theory of personality structure in the system of psychoanalysis of Freud to analyze the id, ego and super-ego of Ralph and the conflicts between his id, ego and super-ego, furthermore analyzes Ralph’s psychological change and literary image, and achieves a deeper understanding of Lord of the Flies from a different perspective.

Key Words: Sir William Golding  Lord of the Flies  Id  Ego  Super-ego 

Contents

Chapter One  Introduction 1

1.1  A Brief Introduction to Sir William Golding 1

1.2  An Introduction to Lord of the Flies 2

1.3  Significances of the Thesis 3

1.4  Structure of the Thesis 3

Chapter Two  Literature Review 4

2.1  Previous Studies of Lord of the Flies 4

2.1.1 Previous Studies Abroad 4

2.1.2 Previous Studies at Home 6

2.2  The Specialties of This Study 7

Chapter Three  Theoretical Framework 9

3.1  An Introduction to Sigmund Freud 9

3.2  An Introduction to Psychoanalysis 10

3.3  Theory of Personality Structure 10

3.3.1 Definition of the Id 11

3.3.2 Definition of the Ego 12

3.3.3 Definition of the Super-ego 12

Chapter Four  Analysis of Ralph in Lord of the Flies 13

4.1  The Id of Ralph 13

4.2  The Ego of Ralph 16

4.3  Conflicts Between the Id and Ego of Ralph 18

4.4  Conflicts Between the Ego and Super-ego of Ralph 20

Chapter Five  Conclusion 23

5.1  Major Findings 23

5.2  Limitations and Suggestions for Future Study 24

Bibliography

Acknowledgements