Tess of the d’Urbervilles: Female Tragedy in Patriarchal Society_英语论文

摘要

托马斯·哈代，英国诗人、小说家，1862年开始进行文学创作。他的很多小说以他的家乡英格兰西南部地区为背景，富有浓重的地方色彩。这一系列小说被称为“威塞克斯小说”，1891年出版的《德伯家的苔丝》便是其中之一。小说描写了一位农村姑娘的悲惨命运。哈代在小说的副标题中称苔丝是“一个纯洁的女人”，可以看出，作者对苔丝是持正面态度的，她的悲剧更多地是由外部环境造成。因此，只要我们从男女平等的角度分析，就可以看出苔丝的悲剧在某种程度上源于男权主义控制下的社会不平等。笔者的此篇论文从经济、政治、宗教、道德等角度分析在男权社会里，苔丝的悲剧是如何形成的。

关键词：《德伯家的苔丝》 男权社会 道德 经济 宗教 法律体 

Abstract

Thomas Hardy, a British poet and novelist, started his literary career in 1862. A great number of his novels are set in the southwest area of England, where the author was born and brought up. Because the series of novels are full of regionalism, they are generally known as “Wessex Novels”, and Tess of the d’Urbervilles, which was published in 1891, is one of them. The novel depicts an unfortunate life of a girl called Tess from country. And Hardy described Tess as a pure woman in the book’s subtitle. Therefore, from the subtitle, the author holds a positive attitude to Tess. To a large extent, Tess’ tragedy was caused by the external environment. So, if we analyze Tess’ tragedy from sex equality, such unequal social status leads to Tess’ unfortunate and miserable destiny. My thesis would give an analysis of Tess’ tragedy from the perspectives of economy, policy, religions and morality.

Key Words: Tess of the d’Urbervilles; Patriarchal Society; Morality; Economy; Religion; Legal Institution

Contents

1 Introduction 1

2 Patriarchal Society Reflected in Tess of the d’Urbervilles 3

3 Hardy’s Attitude toward Patriarchal Society 5

4 Tess’ Tragedy under the Oppression of Patriarchal Society 6

4.1 Hegemony of Paternity 6

4.2 The Morality Controlled by the Males 8

4.3 The Economy Dominated by the Males 11

4.4 Religion charged by the Males 13

4.5 Legal Institution Serving for the Males 14

5 Conclusion 17

Bibliography 19

Acknowledgements 21