A Study of Biblical Archetype in Tess of the d’Urbervilles_英语论文

摘要

作为哈代的代表作之一，小说《德伯家的苔丝》描写了一位普通的农村姑娘苔丝悲剧的一生。她被恶人所引诱，在新婚之夜惨遭丈夫抛弃，最终被社会处以绞刑。苔丝，作为一位被恶人引诱了的女主角，却被哈代称为“一位纯洁的女人”，这表明了哈代公开藐视当时的基督教道德观的态度。同时，在描写女主角苔丝悲剧的故事时，哈代巧妙地结合了有关的圣经原型故事。但是，在结合相关圣经原型故事时，哈代又巧妙地改变了相关的圣经神话。因此，对《德伯家的苔丝》进行圣经原型解读有助于更好地理解哈代的创作意图以及该小说所蕴含的深层涵义。本文将借助诺斯罗普-弗莱的原型理论来分析小说中三个主要人物的圣经原型，并试图通过分析小说中主要人物的圣经原型，以期揭露哈代的创作意图及其基督教道德观。

  本文的第一章是背景介绍。在这一章节中，作者将介绍哈代和其作品的创作背景，以及对诺斯罗普-弗莱的原型理论的简单介绍。第二部分将主要分析与女主角苔丝相联系的圣经人物原型。第三部分则分析与小说中另外两个重要配角人物相关联的圣经人物原型。第四部分则是对哈代基督教道德观态度的探讨以及结论，总结分析前文的原型分析结果，并解释哈代将小说中的主要人物与圣经人物原型联系起来的意图。 

关键词：哈代 圣经原型 人物 基督教道德                                                                  

Abstract

As one of the representatives of Thomas Hardy, Tess of the d’Urbervilles describes the tragic life of an ordinary country girl. Tess, as the heroine, she is seduced by an evil man, deserted by her husband on her wedding night and executed by the society. With her seduction experience, Tess is called “A Pure Woman” by Hardy, which openly shows his contemptuous attitude toward the accepted Christian morality. At the same time, in the depiction of the heroine Tess, Hardy strategically adds and changes related biblical archetypes. Therefore, an archetypal reading of the novel is helpful to understand Hardy’ s creating intention and the deeper meaning of the novel. Through applying Northrop Frye’ s theory of archetype, this thesis is aimed to analyze the biblical archetypes which are connected to the three main characters. By doing so, the author is intended to reveal Hardy’ s Christian morality and his intention of attaching the biblical archetypes to the main characters and the significance of the novel.

Chapter 1 is the background information in which I will give a brief introduction of Hardy and the novel, and the introduction of Northrop Frye’ s theory of archetype and then present my research questions and methodology of this paper. Chapter 2 intends to analyze the biblical archetypes attached to Tess, the heroine. Chapter 3 is the discussion of other two major characters in the novel. Chapter 4 is the conclusion, which summarizes the findings in the archetypal analysis of the biblical archetypes connected to the three main characters and evaluates Hardy’ s attitude toward Christian morality and reveals Hardy’ s intention of using these biblical allusions. 

Key Words: Hardy; Biblical archetype; Characters; Christian morality

Contents

Chapter 1 Introduction 1

1.1 Thomas Hardy and His Wessex Novels 1

1.2 Tess of the d’ Urbervilles and its Characterization 2

1.3 Research Questions and Methodology 3

1.4 Archetypal Criticism and Northrop Frye’ s Theory 3

Chapter 2 Thomas Hardy’ s Use of Biblical Archetypes Attached to Tess 4

2.1 Jesus 5

2.2 Eve 6

2.3 Job 8

Chapter 3 The Biblical Archetypes Attached to Angel and Alec 9

3.1 The Biblical Archetypes Related to Angel 9

3.1.1 Adam 10

3.1.2 Angel 10

3.2 The Biblical Archetypes Connected to Alec 11

Chapter 4 Conclusion 12

Bibliography 14

Acknowledgments 15