摘要 

《抄写员巴特比》是小说家赫尔曼·梅尔维尔的代表作之一，以一个华尔街律师的视角描述了一位古怪的抄写员巴特比：他最初能够安静勤奋地工作，但不久后便开始以“我宁愿不”拒绝一切抄写与校对任务，最终因绝食饿死在监狱里。对于巴特比有来自哲学，心理学等视角的多种解读，但在单一视角下很难全面剖析巴特比这一人物。本文不同于之前对巴特比死因的单一领域分析，试图探索造成巴特比之死多方因素之间的联系，以社会环境与心理失调相结合的视角解读抄写员巴特比之死。 

关键词：巴特比，华尔街，社会环境，心理失调

Contents        

1. Introduction 1

2. Literature Review 1

2.1 Interpretations from social perspectives 1

2.2 Interpretations from psychological perspectives 2

2.3 Interpretations from other perspectives 3

2.4 Summary 3

3. America in the Mid-19th Century 3

3.1 Unprecedented economic prosperity 4

3.2 Influence of Pragmatism and Puritanism 4

3.2.1 Prevalent belief of utility 4

3.2.2 Puritanism and its confrontation with Pragmatism 4

3.3 Class antagonism 5

3.3.1 Formation of social stratification 5

3.3.2 Outbreak of collisions between classes 6

3.4 A time of prosperity and disparity 6

4. Bartleby’s Position in “Wall” Street 7

4.1 Physical separation from the surroundings 7

4.2 Alienation from nearby people 7

4.2.1 Exploitation from the lawyer 7

4.2.2 Hostility from the colleagues 8

4.3 Machine-like nature of copying and collation 8

4.4 Bartleby’s difference from his fellow workers 9

5. Psychological Disorders in Bartleby 10

5.1 Deep pessimism--overly frustrated by futile communication 10

5.2 Autism--constant failures in communication 11

5.3 Narcissism--defiant resistance 11

6. Correlation Between Social Environments and Psychological Disorders 12

6.1 External impacts on internal disorders 12

6.1.1 Pessimism aggravated by tedious document reproduction 12

6.1.2 Narcissism fortified by constant external incursions 13

6.2 Individual counter-influence exacerbating external impacts 13

6.3 Abortive reconciliation--Bartleby in the context of id, ego and superego 14

7. Conclusion 15

References 16