A comparison of cultural features between American LGBT films in 1960s and the 21st century_英语论文

摘要

LGBT是女同性恋者（Lesbians）、男同性恋者（Gays）、双性恋者（Bisexuals）与跨性别者（Transgender）的英文首字母缩略词。LGBT文化一直是美国电影发展史中的不可或缺且富有话题性的一部分。从缄口不提到进入主流， 从边缘人物到主角，随着社会的发展，与上世纪相比，LGBT群体在荧幕上的形象发生了巨大改变。为了更直观地展现近年来美国LGBT电影的发展，本文分别选择上世纪六十年代和二十一世纪初为样本，通过研究两个年代含有LGBT元素的主流电影，从几个方面对比分析了美国LGBT 电影的变化。

文章首先阐述了上世纪六十年代和二十一世纪初LGBT群体的社会环境和LGBT电影的时代背景，以为后文的差异提供背景支持。然后分别从LGBT角色的身份认同、角色命运、电影对LGBT情节的侧重和LGBT镜头的表达等方面对比了两个年代中有代表性的主流电影。并结合电影的台词、镜头与情节，分析电影内容与当时文化环境的关系。最后总结了美国LGBT电影的发展趋势，以及未来可能的发展空间。

通过分析美国LGBT电影的以上几个方面，可以看出LGBT角色形象越来越正面，身份认同越来越强烈，影片对LGBT角色的侧重从冷冰冰的讲述变得富有感情色彩。这体现了美国社会对LGBT群体接受程度的增加，也侧面见证了美国社会文明的进步与发展。

关键词： LGBT，美国，主流电影，1960s，二十一世纪初

Contents

Acknowledgements I

摘要 II

Abstract III

1   Introduction 1

2   Literature Review 3

2.1 Research background 3

2.1.1 The social environment of American LGBT community in 1960s 3

2.1.2 The background of American LGBT films in 1960s 4

2.1.3 The social background of American LGBT community in the early 21st century 5

2.2 Current research 6

2.2.1 The identity of LGBT community 6

2.2.2 The images of homosexual in films of 1960s 6

2.2.3 The expression of LGBT images 7

2.3   Research idea 7

3   The background of American LGBT films 9

3.1 The social background of LGBT community in America in 1960s 9

3.2 The background of LGBT films in America in 1960s 10

3.3 The social background of American LGBT community in 21st century 11

3.4 The contemporary LGBT films in America 12

4 The difference in the features of LGBT characters 13

4.1 The difference in self-definition of LGBT characters 13

4.1.1 The self-definition of LGBT characters in 1960s 13

4.1.2 The self-definition of LGBT characters in films in 21st century 16

4.2 The difference in the images of LGBT characters in American films 17

4.2.1 The labelled LGBT characters in 1960s 17

4.2.2 The unlabeled or less-labeled LGBT characters in 21st century 18

4.3 The different fates of LGBT character in American films 19

4.3.1 The undoubted tragic ending of LGBT characters in 1960s 19

4.3.2 The increasingly promising stories of LGBT characters in 21th century 20

5   The differences in LGBT-related scenes in America 22

5.1 The different emphasis on the characterization of LGBT characters 22

5.1.1 The emphasis on the characterization of LGBT characters in 1960s 22

5.1.2 The contemporary emphasis on characterization of LGBT characters 22

5.2 The different expression of LGBT scenes 23

5.2.1 The expression of LGBT scenes in 1960s 23

5.2.2 The expression of LGBT scenes in contemporary American films 24

6   Conclusion 26

References 27