英语翻译中汉语负迁移的成因及解决策略

Causes and Solutions of the Negative Transfer from Chinese to English in Translation 

摘要

中国学生在英语学习的过程中，汉语的负迁移已经是一个不容忽视的事实。负迁移是指母语的语言规则与某门外语的语言习惯不匹配而对外语学习产生的消极影响，对学习和使用另一种语言起干扰或抑制作用。负迁移产生的原因通常是语言或文化的近似或相悖而导致学习者认知混淆。以英语翻译的过程为例，大部分中国学生已经习惯汉语的用词、搭配、句子结构等表达习惯，不可避免地会产生汉语负迁移的一些现象。另外，由于缺乏英语语言环境，在这种情况下学习英语困难倍增。如何了解英语文字本身的特点，如何发现学生在汉英翻译中存在的负迁移问题，采用哪些教学策略能从根本上减少汉语负迁移，这些问题一直都是英语研究者和教学者所关注的问题。因此，如何帮助学生克服汉英翻译中的汉语负迁移已经成为英语教学中必须直面的重要课题之一。此项研究的目的正是要归纳整理学生汉英翻译中的主要错误类型，并从负迁移的成因以及负迁移的表现方式为切入点分析导致这些错误的具体原因，在此基础上提出一些教学策略及启示让学生能够提高母语的负迁移意识及应对策略，从而有助于学生提高英语水平，帮助学生深刻体会英语与汉语的差别，更好地掌握英语这一门语言。

关键词：汉语负迁移 汉英翻译 成因 解决策略

ABSTRACT

In the process of English learning, the negative transfer of Chinese is a fact that should not be neglected. Negative transfer refers to the negative effects of the mother language on foreign language learning, which inhibits the learning and use of another language. Usually, the causes of negative transfer originate from the similarity or inconsistency of verbal characters, which leads to the confusion of students' cognition. Taking the process of English translation as an example, most of the Chinese students have become accustomed to the use of Chinese words, collocation, sentence structure and other expression habits. So the negative transfer of Chinese is a common phenomenon in English learning, especially Chinese-English translation. In addition, because of the lack of English language environment, the difficulty of English learning is doubled. How to understand the characteristics of English characters, how to find the negative transfer problems in Chinese-English translation, what kinds of teaching strategies can be used to reduce the negative transfer of Chinese, these problems have always been concerned by researchers and teachers at home and abroad. Therefore, how to help students to overcome the negative transfer has become an important subject. The purpose of this study is to generalize students’ main types of errors in Chinese-English translation. From the aspects of causes of negative transfer and the types of negative transfer to analyze the specific causes of these errors, some teaching strategies and enlightenment are brought forth to enable students to improve the awareness of negative transfer of mother language. This will help students improve their English, help them to understand the differences between English and Chinese, and master English language.

Key words: Negative transfer of Chinese; Chinese-English translation; causes; solutions