精神分析理论观照下的《道林·格雷的画像》_英语论文

An Observation of The Picture of Dorian Gray through Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory

摘要

在王尔德的唯一一部小说《道林格雷的画像》中，他细致地描写了主人公道林格雷的心理变化历程，而这种尝试，不但为现代文学开辟了一个新的领域，让评论家们不仅能从物质世界，也能深入到精神世界进行描写来拓展文学艺术；同时也为评论家们提供了一种新的研究方向，让他们采用一些心理学理论比来进一步分析文学小说的内涵。

在佛洛依德的心理学理论中，他把人类的心理结构划分成了三个层次，自我，本我和超我。而书中的三个主角又恰恰跟这三个心理区域一一对应。迷人，机智又如恶魔一般诱惑道林格雷的亨利爵士代表着本我，他所奉行的新享乐主义与娱乐的哲学无一不体现了自我的本能欲望，与避苦趋乐的本能；画家巴兹尔则是超我的代表人物，他善良，诚实并有着强烈的道德感和责任心，他一直警告道林格雷那些来自于亨利爵士的不良影响，试图以此来阻止其不断堕落，他的行为基于高尚的道德原则来运转；最后，作为本书的主人公道林格雷则是自我的代表，被本我与超我所环绕，自我的行动基于现实原则，它的目标就是在本我与超我之间保持平衡状态。

本文总共分为三个章节，在第一章里作者总结了弗洛伊德精神分析理论中的自我与本我理论。在第二章节里，作者则对自我本我超我所对应的角色进行分析。在第三章节里，作者则研究了在文中自我本我与超我这三者之间的冲突。

关键词：道林格雷   自我   本我   超我

Abstract

In his only novel The Picture of Dorian Gray, Oscar Wilde describes the psychological changes of Dorian Gray, the main character of the novel. His description not only opens a new field for modern literature to expand the literary arts from spiritual world as well as material world, it also provides a new research direction for critics so that it allows them to analyze the intentions of literary works through some kinds of psychological theories.

In Freud’s psychoanalytic theory, he divides the psychological region into three parts, the ego, the id and the superego. The three main characters in the novel correspond to these three regions precisely. Lord Henry, a charming and tactful man who attracts Dorian Gray like a devil plays a role of the id. The new hedonism and philosophy of entertainment he pursues all represent the instinctive desire of the id, the pleasure principle. Basil Hallward plays the role of the superego, he is a kind and honest man with high sense of responsibility and morality. Basil keeps warning Dorian Gray the bad influences from Lord Henry in order to prevent Dorian Gray from corruption. His behavior is based on ethical principle. Dorian Gray, the representative of the ego, surrounded by the id and the superego, behaving under the reality principle, tries to keep his balance between the id and the superego to maintain the individual health.

The thesis is divided into three chapters, in the first chapter the author briefly summarizes Freud’s psychoanalytic theory of the ego and the id. The second chapter introduces the main characters and the corresponding roles of the ego, the id and the superego. The third chapter offers the analysis of the conflicts among the ego, the id the super and the outside world.

Keywords：Dorian Gray   ego   id   superego