杰克·伦敦《海狼》与《马丁·伊登》中的尼采主义哲学解读_英语论文

Interpretation of Embedded Nietzscheism in Jack London’s The Sea-Wolf and Martin Eden

摘要

美国作家杰克•伦敦的《海狼》与《马丁•伊登》等作品深受尼采哲学的影响。这两本小说的主人公海狼•拉森和马丁•伊登均是深入人心的尼采超人形象。他们或在智力上、或在体力上高人一等，并且有极强的欲望去统治。然而，在凌驾于他人之上的同时，这些超人不可避免地被社会所隔离，他们的个人主义注定会导致自我毁灭。一方面，杰克•伦敦对尼采的超人主义等哲学十分着迷,将理想的社会主义形容为群体的个人主义；另一方面，作为一名社会主义人士，他又必须反对尼采的个人主义理论。本文通过对伦敦笔下超人形象的分析，揭示伦敦对尼采哲学既崇拜又反对的矛盾态度，从而探索伦敦在尼采理论影响下所提倡的理想社会模式。

关键词:杰克•伦敦   尼采哲学   超人   个人主义   社会主义

Abstract

Jack London is an American author whose works, specifically The Sea-Wolf and Martin Eden, are deeply influenced by Nietzscheism. The protagonists of the two novels, Wolf Larsen and Martin Eden, are representative Nietzschean supermen who are superior in intelligence and strength, and have the will to power. However, while they are above others, they are, inevitably, isolated from the society, and their individualism will ultimately lead to their self-destruction. On one hand, London, describing socialism as group individualism, seems to be fascinated by the superman theory, on the other hand, as a socialist, he has to oppose Nietzsche’s individualism. This paper reveals London’s ambivalent attitudes toward Nietzscheism and explores the ideal society that London advocates under the influence of Nietzscheism through his depictions of his famous supermen characters.

Keywords:Jack London   Nietzscheism   Superman   Individualism   Socialism