通过《海狼》和《马丁·伊登》解读杰克·伦敦的达尔文主义_英语论文

Analyzing London’s Social Darwinism through The Sea-Wolf and Martin Eden  

摘要

杰克·伦敦是一名社会主义作家。他的《海狼》是一部讨论社会达尔文主义理论的著作。社会达尔文主义又被看作是社会进化论理论。由于早期对尼采超人哲学的情有独钟，伦敦赞同斯宾塞所提出的超人型完美社会，既认为在一个完美的社会当中弱者首先被淘汰，而优秀的人生活在一起和睦相处。然而，受赫胥黎所提出的道德型社会的影响，伦敦的思想也发生了转变。结合赫胥黎的思想，伦敦得出了自己的达尔文主义理论观，既人们首先需要让自己体格强壮起来，随后培养自己的道德高尚，这样他们才能在一个社会当中和睦相处。   

关键词：超人哲学，斯宾塞，达尔文主义

Abstract

Jack London is a socialist writer. His The Sea-Wolf is a work discussing social Darwinism, which could also be called social evolutionism. Admiring Nietzsche’s superman theory, London first agreed with Spencer, who was a social Darwinist believing that the perfect society should be a place where inferior races were weeded out and only supermen lived together. However, London later found out that the superman society was only an illusion. Affected by Huxley’s moral society, he formulated his own social Darwinism, which states that people should be physically strong as well as morally noble to survive and live in harmony with each other. 

Keywords:Superman Theory  Spencer  Social Darwinism