论《莫里斯》中一个酷儿形象-莫里斯_英语论文

A Study of Maurice in Maurice as a Queer Image

摘要

爱德华·摩根·福斯特是英国二十世纪初英国著名作家之一，其《莫里斯》是他唯一一部直面描写同性恋的小说。该书创作于1913至1914年，福斯特却迫于当时社会和他家人的“恐同”态度而拒绝出版此书。最终该书在福斯特逝世后一年，即1971年出版。《莫里斯》不仅透彻展现出二十世纪初同性恋的生活困境和内心感受，且深刻地表达了福斯特作为一位作家，一位同性恋者，一位同性恋权益的斗士，他的希望就是社会能够理解同性恋群体并且同性恋与异性恋都能够共存。莫里斯是一位中产阶级同性恋青年，他最初对自己的性向感到疑惑，后来在校友克莱夫引导下认识到自己的性向，更是满怀疑惧，最后他终于能够坦然直面自己与生俱来的性向。本文用塞克维克的“酷儿理论”分三个部分分析莫里斯这一完整的酷儿形象。本论文由三部分组成：第一部分分析莫里斯他“徘徊暗柜”，他内心对性和自己的性向感到的疑惑。第二部分分析莫里斯“隐身暗柜”的状态。这种状态是因为在莫里斯被克莱夫引导着认识了自己的性向但与之分手后再度怀疑自己产生的。莫里斯甚至想去治愈自己的“疾病”。 第三部分莫里斯展现的“走出暗柜”的形象。莫里斯与阿列克的相恋和彼此分享灵与肉，携手逃离社会精神枷锁，奔向了绿林。莫里斯完整地表现出了一位在当时社会里“徘徊﹑隐身﹑走出”的同性恋者形象。

关键词：福斯特 《莫里斯》 酷儿理论 “暗柜” 

Abstract

Edward Morgan Forster (1879-1970) is one of the most renowned British writers in the early twentieth century. Maurice is Forster’s only full-length novel which directly describes homosexuality. This book was written during 1913 to 1914. However, due to the homophobia attitude hold by society and his own family, Forster refused to publish it during his lifetime. A year after his death, in 1971, Maurice finally came to the readers. Maurice not only thoroughly illustrates the homosexual’s life predicament and inner feelings, but also profoundly manifests Forster’s hope as a writer, a homosexual, a combatant for the homosexual’s right. His hope is that the society could understand the gay people and that the homosexual as well as the heterosexual could be co-existent. With the Queer Theory of Sedgwick, this thesis analysis Maurice who was confused about his sex orientation when he was a teenager then was led to gradually realized his orientation but Maurice was still in bewilderment and fear. Finally he shows a middle-class homosexual image that can frankly and seriously faces this inborn preference. Moreover, this thesis adopts Queer Theory to express Maurice as a full queer image. This thesis is made up of three parts. The first part analyses how Maurice “wanders around the closet” and his questions to sex and sex orientation. The second part analyses Maurice's state of “hiding in the closet”. When he is in relationship with Clive, Maurice is led to gradually be aware of his own sex orientation and after the break-up with Clive, Maurice doubts himself again and even looks for curing his “illness”. The third part analyses how Maurice falls in love with Alec and shares soul and flesh with him. They run away from the bondage of society and fly to the Greenwood together. It demonstrates how Maurice “comes out the closet”. Maurice truly and entirely shows a homosexual image of that time who wandered, hided but eventually came out.

Key Words: Forster; Maurice; Queer Theory; “closet”