双及物构式中的压制机制研究_英语论文

Coercion Mechanism in Ditransitive Construction

摘要

在分析习语的语义时，乔姆斯基的转化生成语法遇到了麻烦，它持有的从深层结构来推导语义的解释方法此时起不了作用。因此，基于对习语的语义分析，认知语言学逐渐兴起。在这个学派的发展中，出现了一种新的途径来分析句法理论，即构式语法。构式语法的提出，对以乔姆斯基为代表的TG学派构成了巨大的挑战。构式语法在分析语言的各个层面时，较之于转换生成语法还要简洁、经济，也更符合人类对语言的认知方式。其中，在涉及到构式与动词间的互动时，构式压制作为一种压制手段发挥了相当大的作用。正因如此，大部分研究者在探讨构式时把重点放在了构式压制上，一味的去研究构式对词汇所产生的影响，追求构式压制这一单向压制。但这好像又走向了另一个极端，即抛弃词汇义只谈构式义。但我们知道，在一个构式中，词汇仍有一定的意义，那么词汇在一定程度上也能够影响这个构式的意义，进而可以得出在一定情况下词汇对构式也能压制这个结论。也就是说，许多研究者忽略了词汇压制在解释具体现象时的作用。本文基于构式压制和词汇压制，提出整合压制，并以双宾构式为研究对象进行分析，从而证明整合压制因其体验性、互偿性和多义性能更好地解释语言现象。

关键词： 认知语言学；构式；双宾构式；构式压制；词汇压制

Abstract

In analyzing the meaning of idioms, Chomsky’s TG theory runs into trouble because its explanation of meaning from deep structure can not work. Thus, based on the analysis of idioms, Cognitive Linguistics gradually comes into being. Along with its maturity, there appears a new method of studying syntax, saying, Construction Grammar. When Construction Grammar comes into being, it has largely challenged the position of TG School. In analyzing all aspects of language, Construction Grammar acts as a much more economical and terse approach compared with previously dominant Transformational-generative grammar. Besides, it conforms to the human’s cognitive style of language. Specifically, when it comes to the interaction between construction and verb, Construction Coercion plays an important role and has been widely used when conflicts between construction and verb emerge. It is due to its efficiency that many researchers have put their most, if not all, attention on construction. However, it seems that these researchers are moving to another extreme, that is to say, they nearly ignore the meaning of verbs. It is quite sure that a construct consists of words, and these words also have their own meanings. Thus, under certain circumstances, some words could inflict effects on construction, and this approach is called Lexicon Coercion, in which case the meaning of words takes precedence over that of construction. Based on Construction Coercion and Lexicon Coercion, Integrative Coercion is put forward. In particular, ditransitive construction is targeted and analyzed to prove that Integrative Coercion is a better tool to explain specific language cases owing to its embodiment, mutual-compensation, and polysemy.

Key words: Cognitive Linguistics; Construction; Ditransitive Construction; Construction Coercion; Lexicon Coercion