从外部因素探析苔丝悲剧命运之成因

An Analysis of the Causes of Tess's Tragedy from External Factors

摘要

《德伯家的苔丝》是19世纪英国悲剧作家托马斯·哈代小说中的典范，奠定了哈代悲剧作家的地位。自1891年出版以来，深受读者喜爱，吸引着一批又一批学者的关注和研究。国外学者曾用不同的理论对小说做出了大量的阐述。其中大部分批评和阐释都是集中在同一个目标上，即苔丝悲惨命运的根源。本文试图从外部因素即主人公苔丝生存的特定社会背景、家庭环境、宗教信仰、哈代的宿命观等角度对苔丝的悲剧进行解读。作者望以此丰富和发展对哈代小说《德伯家的苔丝》的研究。

关键词：苔丝；外部因素；悲剧 

Abstract

As known to all, Tess of the D'Urbervilles is one of the most outstanding novels written by Thomas Hardy in the19th century. Ever since Tess of the D'Urbervilles has been published, many foreign scholars have been attracted by the author's unique point of view. They have made a lot of criticisms and interpretations to the novel by using different theories. Most criticisms and interpretations are concentrated on the same target. That is the root of Tess's tragic fate. Based on the external factors of social background, family environment, religious beliefs, the fatalism of Hardy, this thesis aims to analyze the external causes of Tess's tragedy. The author hopes to get more interpretations of the causes of Tess's tragedy.

Key words: Tess; external factor; tragedy