论“反语”的幽默效果

On Humorous Effect of Irony

摘要

反语是一种常见的修辞。日常生活中人们使用反语通常是为了表达贬损、批评、赞扬或幽默。如果能够很好地利用反语的幽默效果，在日常交际中就能更好地与人沟通且不失风趣，本文从语用学的关联理论学角度来理解反语幽默效果的认知过程，解释反语的幽默效果是如何产生的。同时从语言顺应理论的角度来掌握反语的语用策略，得出在运用反语幽默时，要根据语境的不同，灵活地调整语言结构和用词，将反语的幽默效果表达出来。

关键字：语言顺应理论；关联理论；反语；幽默效果

Abstract

Irony is a common rhetoric device and people use irony in daily life to express derogatory, criticism, praise, or humor. Using the humorous effect of irony well, people can be better in the daily communication with others and be funnier. This paper discusses from the perspective of relevance theory in pragmatics to comprehend the humorous effect of irony, to explain how it engenders, and discusses from the perspective of language adaptation theory to master its pragmatic strategies. The conclusion is that in the use of irony humor, it is important to adapt to the structure and use language flexibly according to the context, communicators can express the humorous effect of irony successfully.

Keyword: Linguistic adaptation theory; Relevance theory; irony; humorous effect