礼貌原则在小学英语课堂教学中的应用

On the application of politeness principle in primary school English classroom

摘要

人与人之间想要和谐相处离不开礼貌,礼貌大多是通过语言来表达的，正确运用礼貌用语是表达礼貌的重要手段之一。关于怎样正确运用礼貌用语，Leech提出了礼貌原则，该原则包括六条准则：得体、慷慨、赞誉、谦逊、一致、同感。这些准则为我们的交际会话提供了很好的参照,也为课堂教学交际活动提供了良好的指导作用。在课堂上运用礼貌原则，可以维护学生的自尊心，激发学生的学习兴趣，从而提高课堂教学效果。当前对于礼貌原则在课堂上的应用这一研究大多关注大学生这一成年人群体，而忽视了小学生这一处于英语学习启蒙阶段的群体，因此，本文旨在研究礼貌原则在小学英语课堂上的应用，以Leech的礼貌原则为理论指导，采用问卷调查法和分析法，结合真实的小学英语课堂环境，具体分析小学英语课堂的特点和小学英语课堂教学效果不佳的原因，指出在小学英语课堂教学中，教师在礼貌原则的指导下，运用“改进授课方式”和“增加师生礼貌的互动”这两个方法对提高课堂教学效果具有重要作用。

关键词：礼貌原则；小学英语课堂；师生互动；

Abstract

People can’t live in harmony among each other without politeness, politeness is mostly expressed through language, using polite language properly is one of the important means of expressing politeness. How to use polite language correctly, Leech puts forward the politeness principle. The principle consists of six maxims: tact maxim, generosity maxim, praise maxim, modesty maxim, agreement maxim, sympathy maxim. These maxims provide the very good reference for conversational communication, also provides a good guidance for communicative in classroom teaching activities. The use of politeness principle in the classroom can improve the students' self-esteem, stimulate the students' interest in learning, thus improving the teaching effect of the classroom. However, most of the current research focus on college-aged audience but ignore elementary school students who are still in their English enlightenment stage. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to study the application of politeness principle in primary English classroom. Guiding by Leech's politeness principle, adopting questionnaire survey method and analytic method, combining real elementary school English classroom environment, analyzing the characteristics of English classroom in primary school and the reason why the English classroom teaching in primary school is not good. Pointed out that in the primary school English classroom teaching, teachers use following two methods: improve the way of teaching and increase the polite interaction between teachers and students under the guidance of the politeness principle play an important role in improving classroom teaching effect.

Key words: Politeness principle; primary school English classroom; interaction between teachers and student