约翰·斯坦贝克《愤怒的葡萄》中的人本主义_英语论文

Humanism in The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck

摘要

约翰·斯坦贝克是20世纪美国作家之一，于1962年荣获诺贝尔文学奖。他的作品常以美国农民为题材。其中，他创作的小说《愤怒的葡萄》（1939）则以经济危机时期的美国为背景，描写了大批农民破产、逃荒和斗争的故事。斯坦贝克通过对迁移过程中三个主要人物形象的刻画，表现人性坚强的一面。本篇论文从人本主义的视角，通过对小说中三个主要人物形象的分析，发掘人性善良、坚强的一面。

斯坦贝克的人本主义思想体现在凯西身上。他放弃牧师的职业，下定决心跟随乔德一家前往加利福尼亚州。在迁移途中发挥了很大作用。他耐心地开导意志动摇的农民，领导农民参与罢工运动，帮助其追求权利。他的责任意识鼓舞着移民，尤其是汤姆。

乔德妈是家中的主心骨，相貌平平却值得信赖。她细心照料家人，帮助遭遇挫折的移民，使其重获前进的动力。面对困难，她沉着冷静。最终，她用坚强的意志鼓舞汤姆勇敢地参与斗争。

小说主人公汤姆在凯西和乔德妈的影响下，逐渐成长为一名强大的领袖。他细心计划整个迁移活动。迁移途中，他与家人共同承担责任。尽管生活状况艰辛，汤姆从未离开这个家。最终，他勇敢地参与斗争，传承凯西的斗争精神。

斯坦贝克笔下的三个主人公身上彰显着人性坚强的一面，其善良、坚强也成为人类共同的财富。

关键词：人本主义；《愤怒的葡萄》；汤姆·乔德；乔德妈；凯西 

Abstract

John Steinbeck, one of the American writers of the 20th century, is the winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1962. The settings of his novels are usually American farmers. Among his works, The Grapes of Wrath (1939) is a typical example, which based on The Great Depression. It is a story about a large number of farmers bankrupting and fleeing to the Promised Land. Steinbeck performs the strong side of human nature by portraying three main characters. This paper aims at analyzing humanism in The Grapes of Wrath by enumerating the virtues revealed in the three main characters: Jim Casy, Ma Joad and Tom Joad. 

The thought of humanism can be seen in Jim Casy. He abandoned the career of a preacher and determined to move to California with the Joads. During the migrant, he plays an vital role. He gives guidance to the migrants who come across difficulties. He also leads them to take part in the strike and strive for rights. His sense of responsibility inspires the folks deeply, especially Tom Joad. 

The backbone of the whole family-Ma Joad is an ordinary but reliable woman. She takes care of each family member and gives help to the migrant in trouble. She can keep herself calm when facing difficulties. Her strong mind also inspires her son, Tom, to fight for food and right bravely.

Under the deep influence of Casy and Ma, Tom grows up to be a strong leader. He plans the whole moving carefully with family members. On the way to the Promised Land, he cares about each member and shares the responsibility with them. Poor as the living condition, Tom never leave the family. Finally, he becomes braver to fight for the happiness of all migrants.

The virtues reflected in the folks, such as kindness and strong will are the wealth of mankind.

Key words: humanism; The Grapes of Wrath; Tom Joad; Ma Joad; Jim Casy