中英礼貌语言的跨文化对比分析_英语论文

The Comparative Analysis of Politeness Languages in English and Chinese

摘要

正如我们所知，礼貌现象存在于各文化、各社会中。如今科学技术在迅猛发展，人们之间的联系也更加密切。无论哪种文化的人，与他人沟通是人类的基本需求，因而掌握好跨文化交际技能也变得尤为重要。

成功的跨文化交际，在很大程度上，取决于正确的礼貌语言的选择。本文通过分析比较研究，阐述中英文化礼貌语言的共同和不同的特点。从格莱斯提出的“合作原则”，到利奇提出的“礼貌原则”，以及布朗和列文森的“面子论”是西方社会对礼貌现象的的解读。而在中国，顾日国等学者从中国的文化背景下提出适合中国国情的礼貌理论。通过对比分析中英礼貌用语在问候，称呼，感谢，邀请和日常沟通行为等几个方面存在的不同，指出礼貌行为具有文化特殊性。因为中英的文化模式以及社会背景不同，所以呈现的礼貌语言也会有所区别。为了避免跨文化交际出现失误，首先应该避免语用失误，其次要注意到文化的差异，具备文化的敏感性。

关键词：礼貌；礼貌语言；跨文化交际

Abstract

As we all know, politeness phenomenon exists in all cultures and all societies. Now the science and technology develop so quickly, the interaction among people from all over the world is becoming more and more frequently. No matter what culture it is, communicating with another people is the basic human need, so it is particularly important for us to master cross-cultural communication skills.

A successful cross-cultural communication, to a great extent, depends on people how to select the proper politeness language. This paper，through a comparative study, aims to clarify the common and different features of politeness languages in Chinese and English culture. From Grice’s The Principles of Cooperation, to Leech’s The Principles of Polite, and Brown and Levinson’s Face Theory, is a west interpretation of the phenomenon of politeness. In China, Gu Riguo and some other scholars proposed the theory of politeness which is suitable for the China’s national conditions from the cultural background. This paper divides politeness languages into several categories of daily communication behaviors like greeting, address, thanks, invitation and goodbye etc, and points out that politeness is culture-specific. Owing to the different culture and social background, the languages of politeness are very different. People from each culture have different ideas about politeness and behave differently. In order to avoid problems in intercultural communication, it also brings out some suggestions that people should avoid the pragmatic failures and pay attention to the cultural differences.

Keywords: politeness  politeness languages  intercultural communication