自然•女性•异化•融合-《儿子与情人》的生态女性主义解读_英语论文

Nature, Women, Alienation and Harmony——An Ecofeminist Interpretation of Sons and Lovers

摘要

戴维•赫伯特•劳伦斯是20世纪英语文学中最重要的人物之一，也是最具争议的作家之一，其作品包括小说、诗歌、戏剧、散文、游记和书信等。《儿子与情人》是其最著名的作品之一。小说描写了主人公保罗在成长过程中与母亲莫莱尔太太和两个情人米里亚姆、克拉拉之间的感情纠葛。在小说中，劳伦斯通过展现人类/自然、男性/女性的双重对立，揭示了资本主义工业化文明对大自然的破坏、对人性的扭曲和异化，以及男性对女性的压迫和漠视，体现了生态女性主义思想。

《儿子与情人》自出版以来就引起了众多学者和批评家的关注，并从各个角度对小说进行解读。研究者大多运用精神分析、女性主义、原型批评等，重点研究作品的“恋母情结”、男女对立关系、或资本主义社会工业文明对人的危害等。但是，只有少数学者从女性和自然相结合的视角深入研究小说中的女性关怀和生态伦理。

在前人研究的基础上，本文尝试从生态女性主义对这篇小说进行解读。第一章将简要介绍劳伦斯的生平及文学成就，小说的内容梗概以及研究现状。第二章将简要介绍生态女性主义文学批评，对其特点、主旨、发展与影响进行简要梳理。第三部分是论文的主体部分，将结合生态女性主义批评，首先分析人类对自然的控制以及自然对他们的报复，然后以小说中三个女性角色为例，分析男性对女性的统治以及女性的反叛。第四章将挖掘小说中体现的从人类与自然的对立到与自然的融合的转变过程，进而探究劳伦斯本人所希冀的人类与自然、男性与女性和谐共处的理想的生态世界，并分析劳伦斯超前的生态女性主义思想形成的原因与时代背景。最后是论文的总结部分。

关键词：《儿子与情人》；生态女性主义；自然；男人；女人

Abstract

David Herbert Lawrence was one of the most important writers in the 20th English literature. Also, he was one of the controversial writers at that time. His works mainly include novel, poetry, drama, prose, letters and so on. Sons and Lovers is one of his most well-known works. The novel describes emotional entanglements among the main character Paul, his mother Mrs. Morel and his two lovers—Clara and Miriam. By means of showing dual opposition between human and nature, men and women, Lawrence revealed the harm of capitalist industrial civilization , which caused the destruction of nature, distortion and alienation of human nature, as well as men’s oppression on women, which just reflect the thought of ecofeminism.

Since the novel was published, it has drawn much attention from many scholars and critics, and they have interpreted it from various points of view. Most of them have applied the theories, like psychoanalysis, feminism, archetypal criticism and so on to interpret the novel, and usually focus on Oedipus complex, opposition between men and women, and capitalist destruction of human. However, only few scholars have studied in depth female care and ecological ethics from the combined perspective of women and nature. 

On the basis of previous research, this paper attempts to interpret this novel from the perspective of ecofeminism. The first chapter will briefly introduce Lawrence’s life and literary achivement, along with the main content and present study on Sons and Lovers. The second chapter will briefly introduce ecofeminist literary criticism by combing thorugh its characteristics, main concepts, development and impact. The third part is the core part of this novel, which will analyze the novel from the perspective of ecofeminism. It will analyze men’s control over nature and nature’s revenge on human beings, and then take three main women for instance to analyze men’s domination over women and women’s rebellion. The fourth chapter will explore the changing process from the opposition between human and nature to the harmony between human and nature, and proceed to analyze Lawrence’s ideal ecological world, where human and nature, men and women can live in harmony, and it also analyze the reasons for the formation of his pioneering ecofeminist ideas and social background. The last one is the conclusion of the paper.

Keywords: Sons and Lovers  ecofeminism  nature  men  women