生成语法视角下的英汉特殊疑问句移位对比研究_英语论文

A Contrastive Study of Wh-questions Movement Between English and Chinese from the Perspective of TG Grammar 

摘要

在一种语言中，语言的顺序并不是固定的。它不仅仅在于句法结构，同时还在于该种语言的表达方式、理解能力和特性。由于英语和汉语在表达习惯上存在差异，根据表达的需要，某些成分需要前置或后移。而移位在英语和汉语的特殊疑问句中的运用尤为普遍。移位打破常规移动句子成分的位置，以此来来突出和强调某个意思。英语中一般疑问句移位是一种显性移位，而汉语一般疑问句则是一种隐性移位。我们需要全面、正确地认识和运用它。

但由于英汉两种语言的差异，疑问词在英汉语中呈现出不同的句法特征。弄明白在中英文中疑问移位不同的参数设置的原因以及在不同的语言中如何实现移位这个问题，对于我们今后对各种语言的学习和研究都非常的重要。同时比较分析英汉语言的语序，对于我们进一步研究语言的共性和个性是非常有帮助的。

本文是在转换生成语法的理论框架下讨论英语疑问词移位和汉语疑问词原位这两类现象在逻辑域和词形上的差异。本论文由五个部分组成：第一章是介绍简要描述的背景、目的、意义和论文结构。第二章是文献综述，包括了一些基本简单的概念以及理论。第三章介绍了关于生成语法的理论框架以及方法。第四章是本文的主体，主要是在生成语法视角下的英汉特殊疑问句移位对比分析。最后一章是结论，包括主要的发现，研究的局限性。

关键词: 特殊疑问句；显性结构移位；隐性语义移位

Abstract

The word order of a language is not only related to syntactic structure description, but also related to its expression, its understanding, and its characteristics. Due to the differences between English and Chinese on the expression habits, some components need to be put forward or backward in order to satisfy the needs of expression. And a movement in use is particularly common in English and Chinese special questions. It is very common to go against traditional rules and change word orders in the sentence to highlight and emphasize the important words. English wh-questions resort to overt WH-movement. However, Chinese specific questions are regard as the covert LF-movement. We need to use it with a comprehensive and correct understanding. 

But due to the differences in English and Chinese languages, an interrogative word shows different syntactic characteristics in English and Chinese. To make certain why the interrogative movement has different ways in parameter setting; and in different languages, how the interrogative movement is achieved, which are quite important questions for our further study. Therefore, it is very helpful to begin a contrastive analysis on word orders in all kind of languages for our further study about the universalities and individualities in different languages. 

The contrastive study on English wh-movement and Chinese wh-in-situ in this thesis is carried out within the framework of TG Grammar. There are five parts in my thesis. Chapter One is an introduction, mainly about the background, purpose, significance and organization of this thesis. Chapter Two is a literature review, including some basic and simple concepts and theories. Chapter Three presents the theoretical framework and methodology. Chapter Four is the main body of this thesis with a contrastive analysis on wh-questions movement between English and Chinese from the perspective of TG grammar. The last chapter is a conclusion, including the major findings, and research limitations.

Key words: wh-questions  overt WH-movement  covert LF-movement