《黛西·米勒》与《罗马热病》的比较分析

A Comparative Analysis of Daisy Miller and "Roman Fever"

摘要：《黛西·米勒》和《罗马热病》分别是亨利·詹姆斯和伊迪斯·华顿的代表作。两部作品有许多的相似之处，比如其中女主人公均来自纽约上层社会，并拥有迷人的外表。但她们的本性却截然相反，《罗马热病》中女性十分虚伪，不如黛西的纯洁。并且她们对男权社会持不同态度，《罗马热病》中的阿莉达与格蕾丝选择顺从男性社会，而黛西没有。两部作品中的异同点是由于许多原因导致的。詹姆斯与华顿相似的生活经历以及两位作者亲密的友谊是两部作品拥有相似之处的重要原因。身处相近的年代，深受当时文学和社会的影响。两者在写作风格等方面有很多相似之处。与此同时，亨利·詹姆斯和伊迪斯·华顿截然不同的性别观念与写作目的，使二者看待女性的角度存在偏差。与华顿相比，詹姆斯是父权制的拥护者，受父权制意识形态的影响更深。而华顿却恰恰相反，她认识到男权社会下女性可怜低下的社会地位，并在作品中体现出这一点。

关键词：亨利·詹姆斯；《黛西·米勒》；伊迪斯·华顿；《罗马热病》；女性意识

Abstract: Daisy Miller and "Roman Fever" are respectively the masterpieces of Henry James and Edith Wharton. The two works have many similarities, for example, the heroines are all from the upper class of New York and have charming appearances. However, the natures of the heroines are different. Daisy in Daisy Miller is innocent but Alida and Grace in "Roman Fever" are hypocritical. Besides, they show different attitudes to the patriarchy. Daisy doesn’t obey the rules of society like Grace and Alida in "Roman Fever". There are many reasons which lead to the similarities and differences in Daisy Miller and "Roman Fever". The similarities owe to the similar experience and the close relationship of Henry James and Edith Wharton. James and Wharton lived in the similar age, both deeply influenced by the patriarchal society. They two were friends who shared many similarities in writing style. On the other hand, James and Wharton had different perspectives on many aspects, such as gender concerns and the purpose of writing. Compared to Wharton, James was influenced more deeply by patriarchal ideology, and he was the faithful supporter of the patriarchal society. On the contrary, Wharton realized women’s wretched situation in the male-dominated society, and revealed it in her works. 

Key Words: Henry James; Daisy Miller; Edith Wharton; "Roman Fever"; "Angel in the house"