荒诞中求生-解析《第二十二条军规》中反英雄主人公的幻灭与反叛_英语论文

Survival in Absurdity——Analysis of Anti-hero Yossarian’s Disillusionment and Rebellion in Catch-22

摘要

有时，生活将你陷入一种不幸的困境，因为一套固有的荒谬的规则，而使你无法逃脱。如同《第二十二条军规》中的主人公约赛连陷入第二十二条军规的荒谬处境。《第二十二条军规》由约瑟夫海勒著就，被称为黑色幽默文学的代表作。黑色幽默的核心是荒诞性。海勒描述了一个荒诞的世界，在这里官僚拥有绝对权力，士兵们不能掌控自己的生命。

本文通过给出一些例子，旨在让读者对小说中荒诞的世界有更为清晰的理解，对反英雄主人公约赛连更为熟悉。尤其集中描写导致主人公约赛连幻灭与反叛的因素。通过分析，我们可以发现，生活在一个处处弥漫着第二十二军规的荒诞世界里，约赛连的处境是荒谬且不合逻辑的，在那个战争的年代是不可避免的，如同六七十年代的美国。在这里，本文将分析约赛连荒诞中求生，即逃离军规的一次又一次尝试。斯诺登的死摧毁了约赛连的勇气，使他从幻想中清醒过来；而内特利的妓女的出其不意的攻击使他的恐惧不断增加，并最终逃到瑞典，逃离战争。通过这种方式，完成了反英雄的过程。

关键词: 第二十二条军规；反英雄；约赛连；荒诞；反抗

Abstract

Sometimes life traps you in an unfortunate situation that is impossible to escape from because of a set of inherently absurd rules. Just as Yossarian, the protagonist of Catch-22, who is caught in an absurd situation---Catch-22. Catch-22, which is written by Joseph Heller, can be recognized as a major work of Black Humor Literature. The core of black humor is the Absurd. Heller revealed an absurd world, where Bureaucracy has absolute power that soldiers cannot control their own lives. 

This paper aims at giving some of the examples to make readers clearer of the Absurd world and more familiar with the“anti-hero”, Yossarian. Especially the thesis focuses on the factors that contribute to Yossarian’s disillusionment and rebellion. Through analysis, we can find that living in an ridiculous world spread Catch-22, Yossarian’s situation is absurd and illogical, which is irrevocable in that age, just like the same situation in 1960s and 1970s of America. Here, Yossarian’s attempts to escape from the absurd world--the military regulation will be analyzed. Snowden’s death shattered Yossarian’s courage and brought him back to earth; Nately’s shore’s constant attack increased his horror and finally he retreated to Sweden and get away from the war. In this way, he completes his process of being an anti-hero.

Keywords:  Catch-22  anti-hero  Yossarian  absurdity  rebellion