论爱伦·坡侦探小说的写作手法-以《莫格街凶杀案》为例_英语论文

On Writing Techniques of Allan Poe’s Detective Fiction—The Case Study of “The Murders in the Rue Morgue”

摘要

埃德加·爱伦•坡是19世纪美国浪漫主义时期卓越的诗人、小说家、文学评论家。作为推理小说的开山鼻祖，坡在作品中采用的一些特有的写作策略和叙事方式, 被称“爱伦坡模式”, 对后世影响深远，如:业余侦探、分析解谜、现场描写等。他的第一篇侦探小说《莫格街凶杀案》描述了业余侦探对猩猩无意杀人这一无厘头惨案的破解，对后世推理小说创作具有长远意义。小说不仅成功塑造了侦探杜宾这一虚拟形象，还为古典侦探小说叙事格局定下基调，又因其特有的时代价值，成为学者们颇感兴趣的研究话题。目前，针对小说的研究主要集中在精神分析、人格塑造、悬念应用、诡异构思等方面。但是，很少有学者综合研究其作为侦探小说的写作手法。

在前人的基础上，本文将从此书的写作手法写起，结合其他同期以及后代侦探小说进行对比对此书进行文学研究。文章第一章简要的介绍了作者生平，坡的侦探小说的特征及研究现状。第二章将简要介绍《莫格街凶杀案》情节内容、侦探元素和对后世侦探小说的影响。第三部分是论文的主体部分，将从小说的人物安排、故事结构、视角转换、烘托处理手法等方面切入，分析小说中的写作手法。最后对论文进行总结。

关键词：埃德加·爱伦·坡；《莫格街凶杀案》； 写作手法 

Abstract

Edgar Allan Poe is an outstanding poet, novelist and literary critic in 19th century American romantic period. Known as father of mystery novels, Poe used to arrange some unique writing strategies and writing styles in his masterpiece, which is called “Allan Poe model”, including amateur detective, analysis on spot, scene description, etc. These elements of detective fiction created by Poe are of far influence on following works. His first detective story “The Murders in the Rue Morgue” describes an amateur detective who solved a silly case that an orangutan unintentionally killed two people. He not only successfully created the detective Dupin, but also set an example for classical detective novel. Moreover, because of its epoch-making value, it becomes an interesting topic to scholars. At present, the study mainly concentrates on psychoanalysis, personality mold, the application of suspense and strange conception, etc. However, few scholars take comprehensive research on its writing techniques. 

On the basis of the previous studies, the article will focus on the writing strategy of this novel, and compare it with the contemporary and descendant detective stories. The first chapter will briefly introduce the author, features of Poe’s detective fiction, and the current research status of Poe’s works. The second chapter will analyze its plot, detective elements and effects to the later detective novels. The third part is the core of the paper, which will conduct a comprehensive analysis on the writing techniques of the story by analyzing its characterization, writing structure, perspective transformation and foil techniques. The fourth part is the conclusion.

Keywords: Edgar Allan Poe  “The Murders in the Rue Morgue”  writing techniques