论《红字》的生态女性主义_英语论文

An Analysis of Ecofeminism in The Scarlet Letter

摘要

纳撒尼尔·霍桑是美国文学最有影响力的作家之一。小说《红字》以殖民地时期新英格兰的生活为写作背景。本篇论文从三个方面分析《红字》的生态女性主义：人类对自然的破坏，男性对女性的压迫以及女性与自然的联系。人类对自然的破坏部分探索了人类对自然的过度开采以及对自然的歧视。人类极大地破坏了自然。男性对女性的压迫部分分析了在父权社会中，女性受男性统治。在社会中，女性属于从属地位并且忍受着清教主义的压迫。女性与自然的关系部分显示了女性更接近自己并且承担更多的责任来保护自然美景。自然是人类躲避清教主义污染的避难所。本篇论文也从三个方面分析了小说中和谐社会的建立：海斯特对齐林沃斯的爱，对丁梅斯代尔的爱以及对珠儿的爱。她对三人无私的爱促进社会的和谐。

关键词：《红字》；生态女性主义；父权制；和谐；自然

Abstract

Nathaniel Hawthorne is one of the most influential writers in American literature. The Scarlet Letter is based on the life in the New England of Colonial America. This thesis attempts to analyze the ecofeminism in The Scarlet Letter from three perspectives:  the destruction of nature by man, the suppression of women by men, and the correlation between women and nature. The section of the destruction of nature by man explores the excessive exploitation of nature and the discrimination against nature. Nature is greatly damaged by man. The section of the suppression of women by men reveals that in the Patriarchal society, women are governed by men. Women are inferior in society and they must bear the Puritan suppression. The section of the correlation between women and nature indicates that women are closer to nature and have more responsibilities to preserve the beautiful nature. Nature is a shelter for humans to escape the Puritanism pollution. The thesis also analyzes the establishment of harmonious society in the novel from three aspects: Hester’s love for Chillingworth, her love for Dimmesdale and her love for Pearl. Hester’s great love for the three promotes harmony of the society.

Key words: The Scarlet Letter; ecofeminism; patriarchy; harmony; nature