英汉语序差异及其翻译方法_英语论文

Difference of English and Chinese Word Orders and Translation Methods

摘要

本课题主要是比较分析英语和汉语之间的语序差异，讨论翻译中调整语序的方法。就句子内的语序（即主、谓、宾或施事、行为、受事）而言，汉语语序的排列显得比英语更灵活，因此，在进行英汉互译时，需要根据目的语的语言习惯进行调整。英语中，除了祈使句，其他句子中必须有主语，但是汉语中可以省略主语；英语中，宾语一般处于谓语后，但是在汉语中，宾语经常处于主语和谓语中间；状语在汉语中的位置比较固定，一般在主语和谓语之间，有时为了强调，也放在主语之前，而英语状语的位置比较灵活，一般出现在宾语后的句尾，但它常常也出现在句首、句中或句尾。有鉴于此，语序的调整也不可避免。

关键词：语序；调整；语言习惯

Abstract

This thesis is based on the studies of second language acquisition and many current motivation theories. This topic mainly analyzes differences of word order between English and Chinese and discusses solutions of how to adjust word order while translating. Chinese word order is more flexible than English. Therefore, we should adjust the word order according to the language habit of target language while translating. As English sentence must have a subject except imperative sentence, but a Chinese sentence can ignore subject; In Chinese, object is usually put between subject and verb, but in English, object should be put after verb; Chinese attribute is usually before head, it is always between subject and predicate, sometimes before subject, however, the location of English attribute is more flexible, it is always at the end of the sentence and behind object.  In conclusion, adjusting word order is necessary.

Keywords: word order; adjust; language habit

Contents

1. Introduction 1

2. The Origin of Difference of Word Order 1

2.1 Difference of culture 1

2.2 Difference of thinking mode 2

3. The Comparison of Chinese and English Word Order 3

3.1 Subject and topic 4

3.2 Object 4

3.3 Additional components 5

4. Common Cases of Inappropriate Word Order 5

5. Method of Adjusting Word Order 6

5.1 Considering linguistic habits 7

5.2 Method of arranging subject 7

5.3 Method of arranging verb 8

5.4 Method of arranging additional components 8

6. Conclusion 9

Works Cited 10