Sociality in The Call of the Wild from the Perspective of Darwin’s Theory

摘要

本文主要运用达尔文的进化论来探讨《野性的呼唤》中的社会性。为了研究这一课题，我们应该了解以下三个方面：达尔文及其进化论、《野性的呼唤》及其作者、社会性及其表现。

《野性的呼唤》是杰克最著名的作品之一。小说讲的是巴克如何最终回归他自己的野性，从宠物狗进化成狼。从这部小说中我们不仅看到了一只狗的经历，还看到了那个时代的不足和弊端。从这部小说来看，在巴克的进化过程中，我们不仅要从小说自我中寻找问题，而且要学会看到小说背后的深层含义。从这本小说中，我们可以看到不同地位的群体，这些小说中不同的狗和不同的人是现实社会中不同的人的象征。

社会性是动物意识的表现形式,它使社会中的个体能够生存得远远超过与社会分离的个体的生存能力。因此，研究社会性是非常重要和必要的，本文主要是结合达尔文的进化论来窥视小说中的社会性表现。

关键词：生物进化论；《野性的呼唤》；社会性

Abstract

This article mainly uses Darwin's Theory of Evolution1 to explore the sociality2 in The Call of the Wild. In order to study this subject, we should learn about the following three aspects: Darwin and The Theory of Evolution, The Call of the Wild and its author, the sociality and its performances. 

The Call of the Wild is one of the most famous works of Jack London. The story is how Buck eventually backed to his own wild nature and evolved into a wolf from a pet dog. We not only see the experience of a dog in this novel, but also learn about some status and disadvantages of the society in that time. From this novel, we not only look at the question from the novel self, but also learn to see the deeper meaning behind it. From this novel, we can see the state of the different groups of people who are in the real society of that time. The different dogs and different human beings in these novels are the symbols of the different people in the real society.

Sociality is the manifestation of animals' consciousness. It enables individuals3 in the society to survive far beyond the survival ability of individuals who are separated from society. So it is very important and necessary for us to study sociality. This article mainly explores  the social performances of the novel with The Theory of Evolution.

Key words: The Theory of Evolution; The Call of the Wild; Sociality