被动语态在英语和汉语中的比较_英语论文

A Comparison of Passive Vvoice between English and Chinese

摘要

被动语态是在英语和在汉语中共同存在的一种现象。近年来，随着中西文化交流的发展和深入，被动语态在英语和在汉语中的比较越来越受到关注。本文将分别从语法、语义和使用的三个方面对英语中的被动语态和汉语中的被动语态进行比较和分析。

英语和汉语分别隶属于不同的语言系统，英语属于表音文字，而汉语属于表意文字。英语着重强调词汇的曲折变化、句子的结构和语篇的前后衔接恰当。而汉语更加关注词的意义变化。在被动语态的结构中，句子的主语并不是动作的发出者反而成为动作的承受者。在英语和汉语中都有它们的特定结构来表达被动语态。在英语中，还有某些介词短语和形容词也可以看作是使用了被动语态。

由于中西文化的差异，被动语态在汉语和在英语中所变现出来的情感也是不同的。汉语的被动语态比较主观而英语中的被动语态更多是表示客观。

东西方国家的地理环境不同，东西方人的思考方法也受到各自不同的地区的气候和当地人们的生活方式的影响。这都导致西方人擅长逻辑思维，而中国人更擅长理解思维。不同的思维方式和语言系统的差异导致了人们的表达方式也不同。

通过对比，汉语和英语的各自的语言特点能够被更深刻地了解。有助于中西方人的相互理解和交流。希望本文的探讨能够对英汉双语的教学和英汉翻译方面都有所贡献。

关键词：英语 汉语 被动语态

Abstract

The passive voice is a common phenomenon in English and Chinese. In recent years, as the development of cultural exchange between China and western countries, the passive voice in English and Chinese has become more and more concerned. This paper will analyze and compare the English passive voice and Chinese passive voice from the perspectives of syntax, semantics and usage respectively.

English and Chinese belong to different language systems, English is alphabetic and Chinese ideograms. English emphasizes the twists and turns of the vocabulary, the structure of the sentence and the cohesion of the text. And Chinese is concerned with the meaning of words. In the passive voice, the subject of sentence is not the agent of the movement but patient. There are some special structures to express passive meaning both in Chinese and in English. In English, some preposition phrases and adjectives can also be seen as the use of passive voice.

Due to the cultural differences between the East and the west, the emotion given by the passive vocabulary is also different. The Chinese passive voice expresses more feelings, while the English passive voice is more objective.

The geographical environment of the Eastern and Western countries is different, and the way of thinking in the west and the east is influenced by the climate and the lifestyle. Westerners are accustomed to logical thinking, while Chinese people are better at understanding. Different ways of thinking and different language systems lead to different ways of expression.

 By comparing, we can learn more about the characteristics of Chinese and English, and help the English and Chinese to better understand each other. It is hoped that through the discussion of this paper will contribute to the bilingual teaching and learning, and contribute to the development of English-Chinese translation.

Keywords: English  Chinese  passive voice

Contents

Chapter 1 Introduction - 4 -

1.1 Research significance - 4 -

1.2 Definition of passive voice in English and in Chinese - 4 -

1.3 Previous study of passive voice in English and in Chinese - 5 -

1.4 Purpose of the comparison - 5 -

1.5 Framework of this paper - 5 -

Chapter 2 Classification of Passive Voice - 7 -

2.1 structural passive construction and semantic passive construction - 7 -

2.2 Semantic passive construction in English - 7 -

2.3 Classification of passive voice in Chinese - 8 -

Chapter 3 The semantic role of subject in passive voice - 9 -

3.1 Semantic role - 9 -

3.2 the semantic role of subject in passive voice - 9 -

Chapter 4 The agent of passive voice - 10 -

4.1 The omission of agent in passive voice - 10 -

4.2 The reinsertion of the agent - 10 -

Chapter 5 Pragmatic feature of passive voice - 12 -

5.1 Pragmatic feature of passive voice in English - 12 -

5.2 Pragmatic feature of passive voice in Chinese - 12 -

Chapter 6 Pragmatic function of passive voice - 14 -

6.1 Pragmatic function of passive voice in English - 14 -

6.2 Pragmatic function of passive voice in Chinese - 15 -

Chapter 7 The frequency of use of passive voice in English and in Chinese - 16 -

Chapter 8 Conclusion - 17 -

Bibliography - 18 -

Acknowledgments - 19 -