论小学英语课堂上如何有效地提高学生的语言输出_英语论文

How to Improve the Output Of the Students in Elementary English Classes Effectively

摘要

目前，在大多数的小学英语课堂上，老师所采取的教学方法还是比较单一，学生虽然在课堂上表现得较为活跃，但是较于语言输入，语言输出的训练还是远远不足以让他们能够自由表达自己的想法和情感。Swain提出了可理解输出假设，指建立在krashen的可理解输入假设理论下的单单的语言输入是不能使二语学习者进行语言交流的，成功的二语学习者需两者兼备。本文作者从理论角度和现实角度分析了要加强小学英语课堂上学生语言输出的必要性，结合自身经验，并根据访问老师的结果得出了目前小学英语课堂上学生缺乏语言输出的原因，包括主观因素（如学生自身学习的兴趣、老师教学方法）和客观因素（如课堂时间限制、交流环境限制等）。最后，根据研究数据和分析记过，得出了以下结论：必须在课堂和教学过程中强化学生的语言输出，并配合课后的监督和反馈，才能逐渐缓解学生的语言输出的问题，对此，作者还提出了一些能够在课堂以及课后帮助小学学生提高语言输出的有效途径。

关键词：语言输出 小学英语 教学实践

Abstract

Nowadays, the ways adopted by teachers are still simple in contemporary primary English classes. Students are active in classes, while comparing the input, the practice of the output is not enough to express their thoughts and emotion freely. Swain has put forward the Comprehensible Output Hypothesis Theory, which stresses that the second language learners who use only input established on the Comprehensible Input Hypothesis cannot communicate with each other. A successful language learner needs both. The author analyzes the necessity of enhancing the output of language in primary classes based on the theoretical foundation and the practical foundation. Meanwhile, this study puts forward some reasons why the primary students are short of the output by combining the experience and the survey results from primary school teachers. The reasons can be divided into the subjective reasons and the objective reasons, which include the interests of students, the teaching methods, limitation of the class time the environment and so on. Then, according to the theory and teaching, the author draws a conclusion that if we want to solve the problem of inefficient output in primary English classes, we must enhance the practice of output in classes and teaching process, which cooperate with the supervision and feedback after class. At last, the author puts forward some effective methods for teachers focusing on output in primary English classes.

Keywords: output of language; elementary English; teaching practice  

Contents

Chapter one: Introduction 5

1.1 Research background 5

1.2 Significance and purpose of the research 5

Chapter two: Literature Review 6

2.1 Theoretical foundation of enhancing the output in elementary English classes 6

2.1.1 An introduction of the Output 6

2.1.2 Other theoretical foundation to enhance the output in elementary school English class 7

2.2 Practical foundation 7

2.3 Review of the Related Studies 8

Chapter Three: The case study 9

3.1 The interview subjects 9

3.2 Data collecting methods 10

3.3 Data collection 10

3.3.1 Interview 10

3.3.2 Lesson observations 11

Chapter Four: Data analysis 11

4.1 Interviews 11

4.2 Class observations 12

Chapter 5: Discussion and Finding 14

5.1 The reasons for the insufficient of the output of the English in elementary school classes 14

5.1.1 Subject factors. 14

5.1.2 Objective reasons 15

5.2 Effective strategies to improve the output of the language in elementary school classes 15

5.2.1. Suitable guidance for learners to produce output. 15

5.2.2 Promoting writing practice in English class 16

5.2.3 More activities for  imagination and cognitive challenges 16

5.2.4 Timely teacher feedback to the output of the students 17

5.2.5 Effective supervision after the class 18

Chapter Six: Conclusion 19

Appendix 1: Interview Questions 20

Appendix 2: Lessons 20

Bibliography 23

Acknowledgements 24