从最近发展区理论研究初中英语课堂提问_英语论文

Classroom Questioning in Middle School English Teaching: A ZPD Perspective

摘要

基于维果斯基的最近发展区理论，本论文在于研究初中英语课堂中的提问，讨论现在初中英语课堂提问存在的一些问题以及表明课堂提问在初中英语教学中的重要性。首先，本论文通过回顾最近发展区理论，阐述了提问的一些理论知识，包括国内外对于课堂提问的研究。然后，本论文通过是对平时英语课堂以及网络英语课堂中问题样本的研究，主要观察与分析了英语课堂中教师的提问，且把网络课堂中的提问样本作为补充。在这一部分，本论文也对平时课堂及网络课堂提问中的问题都进行了分类并指出了其中存在的一些问题。基于最近发展区原理，本论文针对课堂提问存在的问题提出了一些实际的意见。最后，本论文指出教师仍需通过不懈努力设计出最合适课堂提问的问题。

关键词：课堂提问；最近发展区理论；中学英语教学

Abstract

Based on Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximal Development Theory, this paper is intended to study classroom questioning in the Middle school English class, discuss the problems of the present classroom questioning in middle school English  teaching and illustrate the importance of classroom questioning in middle school English teaching. First, the paper explains the theory of questioning which includes the research on questioning abroad and the research on questioning at home by reviewing Zone of Proximal Development Theory. Then, the paper analyzes the observations of teachers’ questions in English class through the question samples of classroom English lessons, as well as through the question samples of online open English lessons as a supplement. Following that, the paper classifies and points out the problems of question samples both from the classroom English lessons and the online open English lessons. Based on the sample analysis, the paper provides several suggestions for classroom questioning. Finally, it points out that teachers should make great efforts to design the most suitable questions for classroom English teaching.

Key words: classroom questioning; ZPD; middle school English teaching 

Contents

Introduction.................................................................................................................1

1.Literature review......................................................................................................2 

  1.1The theory of questioning....................................................................................3

    1.1.1 Research on questioning aboard..................................................................3

    1.1.2 Research on questioning at home................................................................3   

  1.2 Zone of Proximal Development................................................................... .....4

2. Observations and analysis of teachers’ questions in English class....................5

  2.1 Question samples of classroom English lessons................................................6

    2.1.1 Classification of questions in classroom English lessons.......................... .6

    2.1.2 Problems of questioning in classroom English lessons...............................8

  2.2 Question samples of online open English lessons.............................................10 

    2.2.1 Classification of questions in online English lessons.................................10

    2.2.2 Problems of questioning in online English lessons....................................11

  2.3 The comparison between questions in online open English lessons and classroom English lessons...........................................................................................12

3. Suggestions: Classroom questioning based on ZPD…………………………......13

  3.1 Evaluating students’ ZPD before questioning...................................................13  

  3.2 Asking more high level questions to develop students’ ZPD............................14

  3.3 Classroom questioning closed to all the students’ ZPD....................................15

  3.4 Encouraging students to develop their own ZPD..............................................16

Conclusion...................................................................................................................17

References…………………………………………………………………………...19

Appendix…………………………………………………………………………….21