希腊罗马神话中的英雄形象研究_英语论文

A Cultural Study of Heroes in Greco-Roman Mythology

摘要

古希腊与古罗马是欧洲文明的摇篮，而在这两篇土地上诞生的希腊与罗马神话对于欧洲文明的形成与发展产生了深远的影响。在古希腊罗马神话中，有着大量的神的故事，描绘了神的喜怒哀乐与悲欢情仇。但也记录了许多的英雄的传说，想对于神来说，英雄所生活的领域是在人间，他们被说成是神与人结合而生的后代，具有超人的本领，在人们陷入困境中时，他们总能无所畏惧的站出来，为人们摆脱困境，从而让人们能够平安喜乐的继续生活下去。这些英雄也并非是十全十美的，但这并不影响他们在人们心目中的不朽的英雄形象，而他们的形象特征也是丰富多彩的，像是神或王的后裔，命运坎坷的人生，无畏的反叛精神和他们无法逃脱的宿命等等。这些英雄形象的存在从而组成了希腊罗马神话中不可稀缺的部分。

关键词：希腊罗马神话；英雄；形象特征

Abstract

Ancient Greece and ancient Rome are the cradles of European civilization, and these two lands bred the Greco-Roman mythology which had a far-reaching impact on the formation and development of European civilization. In ancient Greece and Roman mythology, a lot of God's stories are depicted in those God’s happiness and sadness, joys and sorrows of love. But it also records many legends of heroes. Different from Gods, heroes were living on Earth. People say that heroes who were with supernatural powers were human and god’s offspring. When people get into trouble, they are always unafraid to stand up for people out of trouble, allowing people to live peacefully and happily. These heroes are not perfect, but this does not affect the immortal heroic image in people’s eyes. And their image features were abundant and colorful, such as the descendants of gods or kings, difficult life, fearless spirits and their inextricable destiny and so on. Also the existence of these heroes composed the indispensable parts in Greco-Roman mythology. 

Key words：Greco-Roman mythology; heroes; image and features

Contents

Introduction 1

1. The Social Background of Greco-Roman Mythology 2

2. The Brief Introduction of Greco-Roman Mythology 3

3. Heroes in Greco-Roman Mythology 4

3.1 Perseus 4

3.2 Jason 5

3.3 Achilles 6

3.4 Theseus 7

3.5 Heracles 8

4. Features of Heroes in Greco-Roman Mythology 8

4.1 The Descendants of Gods or Kings 9

4.2 A Life Full of Hardships 9

4.3 The Dauntless Rebels 10

4.4 The Oblations of Fate 11

5. Cultural Analysis of the Features 12

5.1 The Historical Elements 12

5.1.1 The Political System 12

5.1.2 The Social Productivity and Scientific Level 13

5.2 The Cultural Elements 13

5.2.1 The Thirst for Heroes 13

5.2.2 The Spirits of Resisting Fate 14

Conclusion 14

References 16