摘　要

根据英汉表达习惯的不同，在翻译实践中可以进行英语静态与汉语动态之间的转换，以体现英汉思维习惯的差异。本文从英汉语言对比的角度入手分析了英语呈静态特征与汉语呈动态特征的现象。前两章主要是对此现象作了简单介绍并表明了其中的原因。第三章是静态英语的翻译策略，简单地例举了三种将不同词性转换成汉语动词的方法，目的是为了进一步体现汉语呈动态特征的现象。第四章则是动态汉语的翻译策略，着重对汉语动词的静态翻译作了详细描述。而汉语动词的翻译又分为两种情况，单动词的翻译和多动词的翻译。前者相对而言简单一些，只需进行词性的单一转换，文中介绍了名词化，介词化，形容词化以及副词化。但后者相对来说复杂些，翻译需要考虑各个动词之间的逻辑关系，然后决定各自充当什么成分，本文主要介绍了两种方法：动词省略和动词的逻辑分析。总之，本文通过分析对比英汉语言中这种不同特质，从而提高翻译质量，避免机械的对等式翻译。

关键词：英语静态；汉语动态；翻译

Abstract

According to different expressing habits of English and Chinese, the transformation between static English and dynamic Chinese can embody the differences in thought of them. Therefore, this essay analyzes the features of static English and dynamic Chinese by means of comparison with English and Chinese. The first chapter makes a brief introduction of the reason why the subject of this essay is necessary and important. The second chapter lists four pairs of features of English and Chinese to show common differences between them. The third chapter is about historical study of static English and dynamic Chinese in which features and reasons are disclosed. Moreover, the fourth chapter explains the static translation of Chinese verbs in details. What’s more, it is also divided into two categories—translation of mono-verb and multi-verbs. Comparatively speaking, the former is easier because it only performs single translation between the parts of speech, such as nominalization, preposition etc. However, the latter is more difficult because when translated, the logic relation of each verb should be considered, then the constituent that they will act as can be decided. Two main methods are displayed in this chapter—omission of Chinese verbs and logic analysis of Chinese verbs. In a word, this paper mainly aims to discuss the static translation in English of Chinese verbs. Via the analysis and contrast of the different specialties between Chinese and English, it is in favor of the quality of the translation and avoiding mechanic or equivalent translation.

Key words:  English static; Chinese dynamic; translation 

1 Introduction
There are two types of lexical forms existing in language vocabulary either in Chinese or in English, also named static and dynamic, both of which are related to each other and share mutual complement, so they constitute an integral part of the vocabulary jointly. Each of them has their own characteristics and functions with regard to existence form. Static form comprehensively records and demonstrates the development of vocabulary system during all synchronic stages; however, dynamic form manages and enhances the vocabulary in aspects of both synchronic and diachronic (Newmark, 1981: 261). During the motional and developing process, the regular forms, development forms and temporary forms among the dynamic changes give a conspicuous presentation of the associated, complementary and development relations between static and dynamic as well as mutual promotion and evolution (Nida, 2001: 567). In the light synchronic and diachronic study, two aspects of vocabulary-static and dynamic should be combined with one another and be analyzed simultaneously so that correct knowledge about it can be acquired.