摘　 要

英语属于盎格鲁-撒克逊语种，而中文属于汉藏语系,如此之大的差距使得这两种语言之间的区别比其他任何在同一语种中形成的两门语言之间更大。中国人与英国人在周围环境异、地理环境、社会习俗、宗教信仰、价值观、历史和文学典故和的思维模式等等方面都十分不同，所以要进行跨文化交际并不简单。
翻译作为跨文化交际的核心工具，是一个复杂而有趣的任务，L.A.理查兹曾说，翻译可能是宇宙历史中最复杂的事情。在现代翻译理论的发展中，大有将文化引入翻译领域的趋势。翻译变得越来越复杂，它被定义为一种跨文化交际活动,它不仅涉及两种语言，而且还涉及到两种文化。为了更好的翻译，译员在掌握两门语言之后还必须对两国文化有足够的了解。
本文第一部分探讨了文化对于翻译的重要性。然后在第二部分详细地分别列举了中英两国地理,生活习惯,社会习俗,宗教信仰异,不同的社会价值观和历史。第三部分介绍了由文化冲突造成的翻译困境中的翻译策略。

关键词： 翻译；跨文化交际；价值观

Abstract

English belongs to the Anglo-Saxon language family, yet Chinese belongs to the Sino-Tibetan language family, so great differences lies between the two languages as well as the cultures. They are far more different compared to two languages are of the same language family.
Due to the differences in living environment, geographical conditions, social customs, religious beliefs, values, historical and literary allusions and modes of thinking and so on between China and Britain, the cultural information carried by various factors showing these differences.
Translating is a complex and fascinating task, as L. A. Richards (1953) once claimed that translating is probably the most complex type of event in the history of the cosmos. In the development of modern translation theories, there is a tendency that culture is introduced into this field. Translating becomes more complex for it has been defined as a cross-cultural communication event, and it involves not only two languages but also two cultures. In order to generate a better translation between Chinese and English, the translator should not only master the two languages but also have a good command of the two cultures.
In the first part in this paper, the importance and significance of culture towards translation is discussed and presented. Then in the second part the cultural differences are present respectively as differences in geography, differences in living habits, differences in social customs, differences in religions, differences in social values and historical, in detail. The third part presents the translation strategy of dilemmas in culture-bound translation, of overt translation and covert translation, loan translation, free translation, faithful translation.

Key words: Translation; Intercultural communication; Values