摘　要

小说翻译是一种重要的文化沟通方式，随着各国的文化交流愈加频繁，对小说翻译的深入研究而为译者提供良好的理论指导显得日益迫切。很长时间以来，小说翻译总是以原著为中心，对译者的评价也以忠实原作者和原文为准则。近年来，译者的主体性逐渐被越来越多的翻译研究者重视。译者主体性即译者在翻译过程中的主观能动性，如译者的文化意识，审美等。然而，由于诸多限制因素制约着译者主体性的发挥，译者并不能毫无限制地发挥其主观作用。例如：译者的能力水平，价值观，翻译目的，当时的社会文化背景，读者群体，原文以及赞助商等。研究译者主体性的限制因素，是为了与其主体性一道共同构建译者在翻译过程中的黄金准则，既保证译者在小说翻译过程中的创造性又避免其主体性的过分发挥，而使译者贡献出更多更有价值更有水平的翻译作品。

关键词：小说翻译；译者主体性；限制因素

Abstract

Fictional translation is an important way of cultural communication. With the accumulated cultural exchanges among countries, it becomes more and more pressing and useful to start in-depth study of translation to provide favorable theoretical guidance for translators. In the past, source text was always regarded as the center part in translation practice and the knowledge of a translator was evaluated by centering on extremely faithful to the original author and work. Recently years, translation researchers have increasingly attached great importance to translators' subjectivity. Translators' subjectivity is the creativity of the translator in the process of translation, for instance, the translators' cultural consciousness, aesthetic appreciation, etc. Yet, translators cannot exert their subjectivity randomly for there are many factors that restrict it, such as the translators' competence, values, present social cultural background, readers, source text and patronages, etc. The reason why to study on the restrictions on translators' subjectivity is to improve and perfect the translation theory to guarantee translators' positive position as well as to prevent their subjectivity from being over-magnified so that the translators could produce more valuable and high quality translation works.

Key words: fictional translation; translators' subjectivity; restrictions

1 Introduction
With the deepening of globalization, cultural exchanges become increasingly frequent and important. As we all know, culture is a sign of a country's comprehensive strength, and culture exchanges between different cultures always demand a good amount of translators. Different nations have different historical experiences and cultural traditions; therefore, translation is regarded not only as a exchange of cultures, but also a collision among cultures. Translation plays an important role in transferring cultures, values and knowledge etc. between different social groups, and in this dynamic process, the translators stand at the middle as a mediator just like an important bridge between the source text and target text.