从中美主流媒体对中国特色词汇翻译策略的差异来浅谈中国公共外交

A Tentative Study on China’s Public Diplomacy from the Different Translation Strategies Adopted by the Chinese and US Major Media

摘要

本文旨在探索西方和中国主流纸媒对于中国特色词汇翻译所采取的不同翻译策略，通过实体量化调查以及定性分析探讨异化翻译策略是如何担当起传播西方价值观工具的角色，进而探究其翻译背后的美国强权政治以及美国主流媒体在宣传中国形象时的企图和用意。

本文在参考前人调查结果以及作者本人量化调查的基础上，发现在对中国特色词汇的翻译中，美国主流媒体更倾向于使用异化策略。在对其异化策略所造成的影响进行定性分析后进一步探讨了为什么美国主流媒体不顾反对，使用异化翻译手法，而在公共外交大背景下中国应该作何回应。

本文认为，美体媒体在报道中国事件时，忽略中国特色词汇所蕴含的特殊文化意义，以异化翻译的手段，使其成为美国向中国渗透西方价值观的文化软实力工具。在此大背景下，中国公共外交建设应当更为综合全面的看待美主流媒体在宣传上的策略与意图并作以相应调整。

关键词：公共外交，异化，文化渗透   

Abstract
This paper approaches the study of the different translation strategies adopted by the US media and their counterparts in China in the translation of words with Chinese characteristics. Through a field survey and quantitative analysis, this paper probes the role of foreignization strategy served to infiltrate the Western values and further manifests the power politics of the US and the implications as well as intentions of the US media in reporting China-related news.
The study is based on previous investigations and quantitative survey made by this author to prove that the US media are more likely to adopt the foreignization when translating words with Chinese characteristics. After the qualitative analysis of the impact made by foreignization on the mass, this paper further conjectures why the US media use foreignization against all odds and what correspondent strategies China should take in the context of public diplomacy.
It is concluded that the US media are inclined to neglect the substantial cultural implications contained by words with Chinese characteristics in reporting China’s news. And foreignization strategy is taken as the tool to infiltrate with the US values. In such context, the construction of China’s public diplomacy should take a more comprehensive view towards the US’ implication and intention in propaganda and make corresponding adjustments.
Key words: public diplomacy, foreignization, culture infiltration