摘 要

 名词化是指从其它某个词类形成名词的过程或指从一个底层小句得出一个名词短语的派生过程。名词化结构是英语正式书面语体最重要的特征之一。国内外学者都对名词化现象产生了兴趣并从不同角度对其进行了研究。名词化结构具有增强文章简洁、客观、通顺流畅的作用，能使文章产生一定的修辞效果。由于汉英两种语言的差异（即汉语偏动态、具体而英语则静态、抽象），名词化现象应在汉译英过程中被重视并加以运用。根据奈达的功能对等理论，翻译者在翻译过程中应考虑到以下几方面因素：内容、效果和形式，并适当将汉语的一些结构转化为英语名词化形式。当然，并不是所有的汉语结构都可转化为英语的名词化。根据对语料的分析，本研究认为在翻译过程中可以将汉语的五种语法结构转化为英语的名词化形式，分别是谓语成分、主谓结构、动宾结构、单句和复句中的分句。名词化的运用，不仅使中文文本的原意得到了最大程度的保留，同时使译文更简洁、更具逻辑性。此外，译文文本还更能迎合目的语读者的思维方式，从而实现源语和目的语语言功能的对等。

关键词：名词化；作用；功能对等理论；翻译
 
Abstract

Nominalization refers to any process by which either a noun or a syntactic unit functioning as a noun phrase is derived from any other kind of unit such as a word, a clause or a sentence. Nominalization is one of the most important characteristics of formal written English. Researchers both at home and abroad showed great interest in this phenomenon and have carried out explorations from different perspectives. Nominalization functions as conciseness, objectivity, cohesion and can also generate certain rhetorical effects. Owing to the differences between Chinese and English—Chinese is more dynamic and concrete while English is more static and abstract¬—the phenomenon of nominalization should be considered and applied in Chinese-English translation. Under the guidance of Nida’s Theory of Functional Equivalence, translators should take the following elements into consideration during the course of translation, namely content, effect as well as style, and accordingly translate Chinese structure into English nominalization. Of course, not all kinds of Chinese structures can be transformed into English nominalization. According to the analysis of corpus materials, this thesis believes that there are five grammatical structures that can be transformed into English nominalization, including predicate, subject-predicate structure, verb-object structure, simple sentence and clause. With the help of nominalization structures, the meaning of the Chinese original text can be maximally preserved and its conciseness as well as logic can be enhanced in the translated text at the same time. Besides, the translated version can better appeal to the target readers’ thinking mode and functional equivalence between the source language and the target language can therefore be realized.

Keywords: nominalization; function; Theory of Functional Equivalence; translation