摘 要

英语被动语态及其翻译是英语学习者经常遇到的问题。由于语言习惯的不同，英语被动语态使用较之汉语更加频繁常见，呈现多种表现方式。凡是不必、不愿或无从说出实施者时，句子多用被动语态表达，有时为了强调被动动作，为了使行文方便、叙述客观、措词得当、语气委婉等，往往也用被动语态。相比之下，汉语的被动语态使用范围狭窄得多。因此，英译汉时，原文中不少被动语态的句子需要做出转换处理。处理不好的话，句子往往会显得生硬，甚至难以符合汉语的表达方式，出现“欧化”式的语言。要解决好这个问题，除了要掌握一些习惯译法之外，还要掌握一定的策略和技巧。通过对被动句翻译的策略、技巧和规律的运用，可以减少和避免此类现象的发生，大大提高被动句翻译的效率与质量。
  
关键词：英语被动态；翻译；策略；技巧
 
Abstract

English passive voice and its translation into Chinese are met by English learners frequently. Owing to different usages of languages, English passive voice is much more commonly used than that in Chinese, and it is embodied in diverse means of expressions. In cases where the act-performer is thought unnecessary, unwilling to be referred to or the author doesn’t know the act-performer, passive voice is often used. Sometimes in order to emphasize the passive act, to make it clear to express oneself in the context, to relate in a more objective way, to communicate with proper words or express one’s respect for others, passive voice is also used. Compared to English passive voice, Chinese passive voice has been used only in a limited scale. Thus, when we try to translate English passive voice into Chinese, some transformations must be made. If inappropriately dealt with, the translation can be unreadable or is not idiomatic. To solve this problem, we need to master some common strategies and techniques of translation as well as some methods. By means of all kinds of translation strategies, techniques and rules, this phenomenon could be avoided or eliminated, thus, accelerating our translation efficiency and improving translation quality.

Keywords: English passive voice; translation; strategies; techniques

Chapter 1 Introduction
With the opening up to the outside world, China’s translation activities has speeded up in the past decades, but the definition about translation doesn’t have a standard and authorized saying. That’s not strange, as Eugene Nida said:
“Definitions of proper translating are almost as numerous and varied as the persons who have undertaken to discuss the subject. This diversity is in a sense quite understandable; for there are vast differences in the materials translated, in the purposes of the publication, and in the needs of the prospective audience. Moreover, live languages are constantly changing and stylistic preferences undergo continual modification. Thus a translation acceptable in one period is often quite unacceptable at a latter time” .