关联理论视角下的英语动画电影字幕翻译-以《冰河世纪》系列动画电影为例

On translation American animated film subtitles into Chinese—a case study of Ice Age series from perspective of Relevance Theory

摘要

长期以来，美国动画电影的创造力十足，推出了大量的优秀作品。随着中美文化交流的日益加深，越来越多的优秀美国动画电影以及其他电影被引进国内影院，为中国观众所知。但因为观众的英语水平有限，大多数人不得不依赖于配音和字幕才能完整的理解美国动画电影。因此，如何准确的传达动画电影的情节精髓和娱乐宗旨，字幕翻译便显得尤为重要。字幕翻译的好坏直接影响到观众对幽默语言的理解和对整个动画电影的解读。为了保证字幕的翻译整体品质保持在一个较高水平，一个合适的翻译指导理论是不可或缺的。目前，虽然电影字幕翻译在学术界是一个相对热议的话题，但对于动画电影这个特定片种的字幕翻译还鲜有人提。

本文皆在提出动画电影字幕翻译的可行方法，即从关联理论的角度来指导动画电影的翻译。本文首先回顾了Sperber和Wilson的关联理论，Gutt的关联翻译理论，字幕翻译的相关理论，然后以关联理论为指导，分析了系列动画电影《冰河世纪》中的翻译处理。文中所引用到的动画电影《冰河世纪》中文字幕分别来自上海电影译制厂的官方翻译版本和台湾地区的官方版本，以及网络字幕翻译组的译本。译者在关联理论指导下选择翻译策略，使影片字幕构筑了最佳语境，产生最佳关联，使观众用最小的努力对整个剧情能有充分的理解。

本文皆在提出关联理论使动画电影字幕翻译在行之有效的策略下进行。字幕能给观众带来最佳的剧情呈现。

关键词：字幕翻译；关联理论；翻译策略；冰河世纪

Abstract
For a long time the American animated film has proved its vitality and creativity, bringing out a lot of preeminent works. And as the Sino-American communication deepen, more and more good American animated films as well as other films were introduced to the Chinese audience. Due to the inadequate English competency, most audience have to rely on subtitles to get full comprehension when watching American films. It makes subtitle translation very important for its influence to audience’s understanding of film plots. In order to keep the quality of subtitle translation at a high level, an instruction is inevitable. So far the film subtitle translation has become a hot topic in its related research fields. However, not much of them mentioned about translation American animated film subtitles into Chinese.
The purpose of this research is to find out a feasible way to guide American animated film subtitle translation from the perspective of Relevance Theory. Starting from literature review of relevance theory, relevance theory of translation and subtitle translation, this paper launches a case study of animated film subtitle translation of Ice Age series under the guidance of relevance theory. The translated Chinese subtitles have been transcribed and collected from the Shanghai Film Dubbing Studio’s official version, Taiwan Translation Studio’s official version and Internet subtitle translation groups’ fan-version.
Pursuing a pragmatic view based on the Relevance theory by Wilson & Sperber (1995) and Translation and Relevance by Gutt (1989), this thesis proposes and justifies the strategy of optimal relevance in animated film subtitle translation with some practical strategies to guarantee the best and effective translation version to the audience. Also  the author hope it can provide a brand new angle of view for further research in this fields.
Key words: subtitle translation; relevance theory; translation strategies; Ice Age