Abstract:

From a simple level, the translation of literature is the conversion of languages and from a deeper level, it is cultural communication. This paper takes two famous English versions of Hong Lou Meng as examples to discuss the cultural differences between China and the west, and discusses the different strategies the translators adopted. The first chapter is about the significance of translating Hong Lou Meng, the biggest difficulty in translation and the significance of study. Translation has strong cultural color no matter as a process or as a result. Translation promotes and reflects the changes and development of culture, and at the same time is influenced and even constrained by culture. Translation and culture interact with each other. The second chapter discusses five kinds of cultural differences: ecological culture, material culture, social culture, religious culture and linguistic culture which are put forward by Nida by analyzing Yang’s and Hawks ’s versions. The third chapter mainly discusses the translators’ different choices of translation strategies in their versions. And they had different aims when they translated the text. In the two English versions of Hong Lou Meng, Mr. Yang’s translation was faithful to the original text and attached great importance to transmitting Chinese traditional culture. Mr. Yang chose foreignization mostly . Hawks translated Chinese cultural factors into western cultural factors roughly to make western readers understand contents well and mostly adopted domestication. The paper is to make people pay more attention to the cultural differences and cultural exchange, and to advocate the significance of keeping the original culture in the process of translation.

Keywords: Hong Lou Meng; cultural differences; translation; domestication; foreignization

摘  要：

文学作品的翻译从简单的层面来说是进行语言的转化，从更深的层次来说，是进行文化的交流。论文以红楼梦两个著名英译本为例，谈论了中西方的文化差异和译者所采用的翻译策略的差异。第一部分主要介绍了翻译《红楼梦》的重要性，翻译中最大的困难以及课题的重要性。翻译不管是作为一种过程还是一种结果都散发着浓厚的文化气息。翻译一定程度上促进和反映文化的变迁与发展，同时也受文化的影响甚至牵制。两者之间是一种相互关系。第二部分通过对杨宪益和霍克斯两英译本的分析从奈达提出的五大文化即生态文化，物质文化，社会文化，宗教文化和语言文化的角度探讨文化的差异。第三部分主要探讨了两个译者对文化差异的所采取的不同翻译策略和翻译目的。在这两个英译本中，杨宪益先生的译文忠于原文，注重传播中国传统文化，主要采用异化。霍克斯把中国文化因素粗略地翻译成相对应的西方文化因素，为了让西方读者很好地理解文章内容，主要采用归化。论文的目的在于让人们更加关注文化差异并且相互交流自己国家的文化，也为了倡导译者在翻译过程中保留作品的原语文化。

关键词：红楼梦； 文化差异； 翻译；归化；异化