英国情景喜剧中幽默元素的字幕汉译

Subtitle Translation of Humour in British TV Sitcoms

摘要

随着全球化的不断深入和互联网的普及，英国情景喜剧越来越受到中国观众的欢迎。恰当的中文字幕，可以缩小中国观众知识面和文化背景的差异，帮助中国影迷更好地理解英国情景喜剧，并通过英国情景喜剧了解英国的风土人情。因此英国情景喜剧字幕翻译越来越受到人们的关注，而情景喜剧字幕翻译中最重要的又是幽默元素的翻译。英式幽默有几个显著特点，其中最主要的特点讽刺手法的使用；其次，英式幽默很微妙，善于使用黑色幽默；第三，英式幽默的产生要经过很长的铺垫。在翻译过程中译者应该根据英式幽默的特点来选择翻译手法。   

在本文中，英式幽默分为三类:通用幽默，文化幽默和语言幽默，在此基础上作者使用言语幽默的一般理论（GTVH）及关联理论对英式幽默的字幕翻译进行分析。言语幽默的一般理论提供了一个分析幽默产生的理论框架；该理论包括了语言（LA），叙事策略（NS），目标（TA），情境（SI），逻辑机制（LM）和脚本对立（SO）六个知识资源，利用知识资源层级结构对幽默的内部结构进行了分析；关联理论则用来检验译文是否以适当的方式传递了幽默效果。本论文以英剧《是，首相》和《小不列颠》的翻译为例，分析这三种幽默主要运用的知识资源，并分析网络字幕组的翻译中幽默再现损耗和增益情况，对不恰当的字幕翻译进行了修正以“实现最佳关联”。

本文结合言语幽默的一般理论和关联理论这两大理论对幽默翻译进行研究，是对现存幽默翻译理论的补充，并为英国电视情景喜剧幽默元素的恰当字幕汉译提供参考。

关键词：字幕汉译, 英式幽默, 情景喜剧，言语幽默的一般理论，知识资源，关联理论

Abstract
Along with the process of globalization and the emergence of internet, British TV sitcoms enjoy increasing popularity among Chinese audience. Subtitle translation introduces British TV sitcoms to Chinese audience and enables the audience to experience the British people’s daily life. In translating British TV sitcoms, one of the most important elements is humour. British humour has several distinct features, the  major one being the use of irony；Secondly, British humour is subtle but dark or sarcastic；Thirdly, British humour has a long foreshadowing. Translation should be conducted accordingly.
This thesis explores the translation of three categories of British humour--universal, cultural and linguistic humour in the light of GTVH(General Theory of Verbal Humour) and Relevance Theory. GTVH benefits the study of humour translation by providing an analytical framework of six Knowledge Resources which include Language (LA), Narrative Strategy(NS), Target(TA), Situation(SI), Logical Mechanism(LM) and Script Opposition (SO). The hierarchy of Knowledge Resources is used to make an analysis of the internal structure of humour and Relevance theory functions as a translation theory to check whether the translation is appropriate to achieve optimal relevance. Taking the translation examples from British TV sitcoms “Yes, Prime Minister” and “Little Britain”，the thesis probes into the most important Knowledge Resources in these three kinds of humour respectively, analyzes the loss and gain of humour reproduction in fansubbers’ translation and makes a few adjustments to some inappropriate translation versions to “achieve the maximization of relevance”.
This thesis makes use of the GTVH theory and Relevance Theory to analyze  humour translation , the result of which will be a supplement to humour translation theory and be able to provide some references for further humour translation in British TV sitcoms.
Key words: subtitle translation, British humour, TV sitcom, GTVH, Knowledge Resource, Relevance Theory