Abstract

In the 1970s, skopos theory was introduced into the translation field, which  provided translation theorists with a new perspective: to evaluate translation with the standard of “adequacy” instead of “equivalence”. It pointed out that translators should take the target language and culture into consideration in order to achieve the translation purpose and its communicative function. On the other hand, guided by the skopos theory, translators tend to choose the appropriate translation strategies and methods according to the translation purpose. In the first place, translators must figure out their translation purpose before they could produce a qualified translation version.
Nowadays, the communication among nations of different cultures is increasing rapidly with the development of globalization. Meanwhile, people have bigger and bigger desire to know more and more knowledge about foreign cultures. Under such circumstances, translators play a vital and irreplaceable role. Not only should they translate words, but they are also supposed to convey the meanings behind, which could meet the readers’ expectations to achieve cultural communications. However, on the other hand, culture-loaded words, encoded with the specific culture of a nation, are difficult to translate properly because of the significant differences between languages. Therefore, it is a topic worthy studying as for how to translate culture-loaded words appropriately with proper strategies and methods.
As a famous novel written by Shen Congwen, Bian cheng is popular both at home and abroad. This research is carried out with the guidance of skopos theory based on the following classification of culture-loaded words: ecological culture, material culture, linguistic culture, religious culture and social culture. It is intended to figure out how skopos theory casts influence on translators in choosing translation strategies and approaches and compare the effects on different translation versions.

Key words: Skopos Theory; Culture-loaded Words; Shen Congwen; Bian Cheng; Translation Strategies and Methods
 
摘要

20世纪70年代，目的论的出现给翻译界带来了一个新视角，翻译质量的评判标准不是“等值”，而是“合适”—即译文文本适合翻译目的的要求，要完成其在译语语境和文化中的交际功能。目的论首要关注的是译作的目的，此目的决定了译者选用什么样的译本、翻译方法及翻译策略，即“目的决定手段”。 此外，译者作为处于一定社会文化背景下的社会人，其翻译目的必定会受到特定历史条件下社会文化因素的制约和影响，还会考虑受众的背景知识，以及如何达到交流的目的。
全球化的不断发展推进使得文化之间的碰撞也愈加精彩，因而人们了解异域文化的愿望也愈发强烈。文化负载词，作为一种文化现象，承载着一个国家或民族所特有的文化，对文化负载词的准确翻译能够为读者了解异域文化提供便捷有效的途径。
作为沈从文先生的代表作，《边城》历来为人们所推崇，已有四个英译版本出现。本文以目的论原理为框架，以《边城》戴乃迭和金介甫二位的英译文本作为研究材料，将译文中的文化负载词分为五类，即生态文化、物质文化、语言文化、宗教文化和社会文化，进行深入分析，探讨如何以翻译目的论视角来理解、分析以及研究《边城》中文化负载词的翻译及其在不同译者笔下翻译的差异，探索翻译目的是如何影响译者翻译策略和翻译方法的选择，以及不同的翻译方法对译文产生怎样的效果。

关键词：目的论；文化负载词；沈从文；边城；翻译策略及方法